Adult Psychopathology Chapter 5 Flashcards
Define anxiety.
Mood state characterised by negative feelings, behaviours, and physiological responses due to anticipation of future danger or misfortune.
Define fear.
Normal, natural response to a threat.
Define pathological fear.
Fearful state experienced in excess of the threat/ without the threat present.
What would be the pathological response to animal?
Specific phobia.
What would be the pathological response to smothering?
Panic attack, panic disorder.
What would be the pathological response to social rejection?
Social anxiety.
Define PANIC.
Sudden overwhelming fright or terror.
Define PANIC ATTACK.
Abrupt experience of fear/discomfort accompanied by physical symptoms. It reaches a peak within minutes.
Name 2 types of panic attacks.
Expected (cued)
Unexpected (uncued)
Name 4/ more symptoms that accompany panic attacks.
- palpitations
- sweating
- trembling
- shortness of breath
- feelings of choking
- chest pain
- nausea
- dizzy/ lightheaded
- chills
etc.
What is paraesthesias?
Numbness or tingling sensations.
What is the difference between derealisation and depersonalisation?
Derealisation = detach from reality.
Depersonalisation = detach from oneself.
True or False.
No single gene causes anxiety/panic.
True.
What hormones can cause anxiety?
Dopamine, adrenaline, and serotonin.
What is the CRF system?
Corticotropin-releasing factor.
What does CRF do?
Central to the expression of anxiety and depression.
What is the HPA axis?
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis.
What does the HPA axis do?
Adjusts the hormones in response to stress; required for stress adaptation.
Explain the process of HPA axis.
Stress results in hypothalamus stimulating pituitary gland to release hormones that further cause the adrenal glands to release cortisol.
What is the area of the brain most associated with anxiety?
The limbic system.
What brain circuit causes anxiety?
Behavioural inhibition system (BIS).
Name and explain 2 psychological contributions to anxiety.
Generalized psychological vulnerability - a general sense of uncontrollability and unpredictability.
Specific Psychological vulnerability - believe specific things are dangerous.
Name 2 social contributions to anxiety.
Social & interpersonal stressors.
Socio-economic stress.
3 vulnerabilities that contribute to the development of anxiety disorders (TRIPLE VULNERABILITY MODEL).
- Biological vulnerability
- Specific psychological vulnerability
- Generalized psychological vulnerability
What other psychological disorders are anxiety often comorbid with?
- Depression
- Alcohol/substance abuse