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adult cancer Flashcards

1
Q

types of cancer

A

carcinoma
leukemia
lymphoma
sarcoma

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2
Q

top three cancers for men

A

prostate, lung, colorectal

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3
Q

top three cancers for Womens

A

breast, lung, colorectal

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4
Q

0-14 what do they get

A

leukemia, CNS, lymphoma

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5
Q

cancer mortality for men

A

lung
colorectal
prostate

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6
Q

cancer mortality rate women

A

lung
breast
colorectal

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7
Q

what has higher survival rate

A

thyroid testes prostate

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8
Q

what has lower survival rate

A

pancreatic esophageal liver

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9
Q

__ of cancers, have genetic variants inherited from parents

A

5-10%

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10
Q

cancers that are preventable

A

cervical

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11
Q

what does a PT tell ppl to prevent cancer

A

physical activity
tobacco
diet

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12
Q

cancer is most common in individual > _

A

50

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13
Q

Stage 0 cancer

A

carcinoma in situ

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14
Q

stage 1-3 cancer

A

getting bigger, might have spread beyond organ

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15
Q

stage 4

A

has spread to another organ

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16
Q

primary treatment for cancer

A

surgery

chemo before surgery

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17
Q

common treatment for cancer patient

A

surgery (within 4 weeks)
recovery (4 weeks)
chemo (12-24 weeks)
radiation (5days a week for 6 weeks)

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18
Q

aim of chemo

A

shrink tumor
prevent spread
relieve pain
slow growth

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19
Q

side effects chemo

A 
alopecia (hair loss)
mucositis
mylosuppresion
pulmonary fibrosis
joint pain, neuropathy
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20
Q

what does radiation do

A

destroy cells
interfere reproduction
kill / shrink

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21
Q

can normal cells recover from radiation

A

yes

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22
Q

side effects radiation

A

fatigue
swallowing discomfort
skin / scarring
restrictive lung disease

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23
Q

side effects of targeted therapy

A

may have FEWER side effects

skin rashes

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24
Q

immunotherapy helps a lot with

A

melanoma

lymphoma

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25
Q

side effects immunotherapy

A

flu symptoms
swelling, weight gain
sinus congestion

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26
Q

types of surgeries for breast cancer

A

partial mastectomy / lumpectomy

or total

sentinel node biopsy

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27
Q

seroma

A

accumulation of blood - could delay healing, raises questions of when to mobilize

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28
Q

types of axillary dissection

A

1 - lower edge of pec minor
2 under pec minor
3 - above pec minor

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29
Q

primary lympedema

A

rare inherited from development problem of lymph vessles

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30
Q

secondary lymphedema

A

from identifiable damage (cancer)

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31
Q

what does the lymphedema result in

A

swelling

stagnation of lympth

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32
Q

why does lymphedema happy after treatment for breast cancer

A

the lymph nodes may have been removed

radiation

33
Q

pt considerations for reconstructiosn

A

move arm daily
UE as tolerated once drain is removed
posture (avoid rounded shoulders)

34
Q

do you exercise with drain in reconstruction

A

no just daily tasks until its out

35
Q

how is lymphedema diagnosed

A

rule out other causes of unilateral swelling

pain, heaviness, swelling

36
Q

differential diagnosis of lymphedema

A

DVT
infectino
baker cyst
cancer is back

37
Q

stages of lymphedema

A

0 subjective symptoms

1 pitting edema

2 pitting more evident, fat proliferation, fibrosis

3 non pitting, skin changes, fibrosis

38
Q

when is lymphedema reversible

A

stage 1

39
Q

when is lymphedema most common

A

first 24 months

40
Q

PT treatment for lyphedema

A

history

measure area

skin for pitting / stemmers sign

prevention

compression
manual drainage
Decongestive lymphatic therapy

41
Q

risk factors for lyphedema

A 
radiation
axillary node dissection
chemo
mastectomy 
obesity
42
Q

how to measure upper limb size and volume

A

circumference
water
parometer
bioimpedence

43
Q

what difference are you looking for if measuring circumference

A

> 2cm

measure it every 4 or 10 cm

you won’t catch stage 0 very much

44
Q

water displacement what change are you looking for

A

> 200 ml

45
Q

perometer difference

A

> 200 ml

46
Q

bioimpedience what difference

A

range outside -10 or +10 is abnormal

47
Q

what is most accurate

A

perometer

48
Q

is self measure reliable

A

yes

49
Q

stemmers sign

A

the skin cannot lift at base of second toe or second finger

thickening of tissue

50
Q

pt prevention for lymphedema

A

weight loss

education (avoid injection in that arm, blood pressure on other arm, swelling, tingling)

51
Q

whats in decongestive lymphatic therapy

A 
MLD
compression bandaging
remedial exercises
skin care
education on self management
52
Q

goals of PT by stage in lymphedema

A

0 - education, skin care, self teach

1 - education, wrap, night compression

    • 24.7 compression , garments
53
Q

what parts of lymphedema are entry level

A

ID and initial management - but wrapping and MLD is additional training

54
Q

allogenic transplant

A

from donor

55
Q

autologous tranplant

A

from patient

56
Q

side effects stem cell transplant

A

high infection
pain
immunosuprresion
development problems

57
Q

how long does stem cell transplants stay in patient

A

> 100 days

58
Q

PT role in stem cell transplant

A

PRE fitness/ functional assessment

DURING exercise

POST ADL / work plan

59
Q

what is graft versus host disease

A

donor immune cells attack patients normal cells

can be acute or chronic

60
Q

what does PT do for graft versus host disease

A

activity as tolerated, assist with side effects

61
Q

signs you are over exerting if having problems with platelets

A

easy bruising
bleeding in gums or eyes
blood in urine

62
Q

signs of over exterting if hemoglobin concerns

A 
fatigue
SOB
leg cramping
exercise intolerace
light head
rapid hr
63
Q

common metasis occurs where

A

bone (long bone, verts, ribs)

64
Q

which cranial nerve may be taken during neck / head cancer

A

11 (SCM)

65
Q

what does PT do for neck and head cancer

A

shoulder dysfunction
(dec abd n flex at shoulder
and rotation / lateral flex at neck)

66
Q

trismus

A

reduce mouth opening

67
Q

will being physically active stop my cancer from coming back

A

there is some risk reduction, but can help overall health but we don’t know is PA causes the cancer to not come back

68
Q

what should I do about diet for cancer / and I’m stressed

A

refer

69
Q

how to approach patient who had cancer in past

A

peripheral neuropathy (balance, coordination)
swelling
bone health
consider referral

70
Q

2019 guidelines

A

90 mins a week plus resistance - 30 mins/day 2-3 x a week

71
Q

whats 2019 guidelines help with

A

fatigue
QOL
physical function
anxiety / depression

72
Q

whats the triage

A

you do the cardiovascular screen and then

No comorbidities - exercise

peripheral neuropathy, ask issues, bone concerns, lymphedema - consider referral

surgery, ataxia, extreme fatigue, metatases - must refer

73
Q

what improves lymphedema

A

resistance does not increase risk

74
Q

what helps bone help

A

resistance , load the bone more than aerobic

75
Q

what helps with sleep

A

aerobic

76
Q

safety consideration for exercise w cancer

A

immune compromised
blood count

watch for fever, dizzy, inc resting HR

77
Q

what fever is contraindicated

A

> 38.5

78
Q

how much platelets
WBC
hemoglobin
require physical approval

A

< 50000
< 3000
hemoglobin <10

79
Q

t/f lymphedema is increased by resistance training

A

false

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