adult cancer Flashcards
(79 cards)
1
Q
types of cancer
A
carcinoma
leukemia
lymphoma
sarcoma
2
Q
top three cancers for men
A
prostate, lung, colorectal
3
Q
top three cancers for Womens
A
breast, lung, colorectal
4
Q
0-14 what do they get
A
leukemia, CNS, lymphoma
5
Q
cancer mortality for men
A
lung
colorectal
prostate
6
Q
cancer mortality rate women
A
lung
breast
colorectal
7
Q
what has higher survival rate
A
thyroid testes prostate
8
Q
what has lower survival rate
A
pancreatic esophageal liver
9
Q
__ of cancers, have genetic variants inherited from parents
A
5-10%
10
Q
cancers that are preventable
A
cervical
11
Q
what does a PT tell ppl to prevent cancer
A
physical activity
tobacco
diet
12
Q
cancer is most common in individual > _
A
50
13
Q
Stage 0 cancer
A
carcinoma in situ
14
Q
stage 1-3 cancer
A
getting bigger, might have spread beyond organ
15
Q
stage 4
A
has spread to another organ
16
Q
primary treatment for cancer
A
surgery
chemo before surgery
17
Q
common treatment for cancer patient
A
surgery (within 4 weeks)
recovery (4 weeks)
chemo (12-24 weeks)
radiation (5days a week for 6 weeks)
18
Q
aim of chemo
A
shrink tumor
prevent spread
relieve pain
slow growth
19
Q
side effects chemo
A
alopecia (hair loss) mucositis mylosuppresion pulmonary fibrosis joint pain, neuropathy
20
Q
what does radiation do
A
destroy cells
interfere reproduction
kill / shrink
21
Q
can normal cells recover from radiation
A
yes
22
Q
side effects radiation
A
fatigue
swallowing discomfort
skin / scarring
restrictive lung disease
23
Q
side effects of targeted therapy
A
may have FEWER side effects
skin rashes
24
Q
immunotherapy helps a lot with
A
melanoma
lymphoma
25
side effects immunotherapy
flu symptoms
swelling, weight gain
sinus congestion
26
types of surgeries for breast cancer
partial mastectomy / lumpectomy
or total
sentinel node biopsy
27
seroma
accumulation of blood - could delay healing, raises questions of when to mobilize
28
types of axillary dissection
1 - lower edge of pec minor
2 under pec minor
3 - above pec minor
29
primary lympedema
rare inherited from development problem of lymph vessles
30
secondary lymphedema
from identifiable damage (cancer)
31
what does the lymphedema result in
swelling
| stagnation of lympth
32
why does lymphedema happy after treatment for breast cancer
the lymph nodes may have been removed
radiation
33
pt considerations for reconstructiosn
move arm daily
UE as tolerated once drain is removed
posture (avoid rounded shoulders)
34
do you exercise with drain in reconstruction
no just daily tasks until its out
35
how is lymphedema diagnosed
rule out other causes of unilateral swelling
| pain, heaviness, swelling
36
differential diagnosis of lymphedema
DVT
infectino
baker cyst
cancer is back
37
stages of lymphedema
0 subjective symptoms
1 pitting edema
2 pitting more evident, fat proliferation, fibrosis
3 non pitting, skin changes, fibrosis
38
when is lymphedema reversible
stage 1
39
when is lymphedema most common
first 24 months
40
PT treatment for lyphedema
history
measure area
skin for pitting / stemmers sign
prevention
compression
manual drainage
Decongestive lymphatic therapy
41
risk factors for lyphedema
```
radiation
axillary node dissection
chemo
mastectomy
obesity
```
42
how to measure upper limb size and volume
circumference
water
parometer
bioimpedence
43
what difference are you looking for if measuring circumference
>2cm
measure it every 4 or 10 cm
you won't catch stage 0 very much
44
water displacement what change are you looking for
>200 ml
45
perometer difference
>200 ml
46
bioimpedience what difference
range outside -10 or +10 is abnormal
47
what is most accurate
perometer
48
is self measure reliable
yes
49
stemmers sign
the skin cannot lift at base of second toe or second finger
| thickening of tissue
50
pt prevention for lymphedema
weight loss
education (avoid injection in that arm, blood pressure on other arm, swelling, tingling)
51
whats in decongestive lymphatic therapy
```
MLD
compression bandaging
remedial exercises
skin care
education on self management
```
52
goals of PT by stage in lymphedema
0 - education, skin care, self teach
1 - education, wrap, night compression
2. - 24.7 compression , garments
53
what parts of lymphedema are entry level
ID and initial management - but wrapping and MLD is additional training
54
allogenic transplant
from donor
55
autologous tranplant
from patient
56
side effects stem cell transplant
high infection
pain
immunosuprresion
development problems
57
how long does stem cell transplants stay in patient
>100 days
58
PT role in stem cell transplant
PRE fitness/ functional assessment
DURING exercise
POST ADL / work plan
59
what is graft versus host disease
donor immune cells attack patients normal cells
can be acute or chronic
60
what does PT do for graft versus host disease
activity as tolerated, assist with side effects
61
signs you are over exerting if having problems with platelets
easy bruising
bleeding in gums or eyes
blood in urine
62
signs of over exterting if hemoglobin concerns
```
fatigue
SOB
leg cramping
exercise intolerace
light head
rapid hr
```
63
common metasis occurs where
bone (long bone, verts, ribs)
64
which cranial nerve may be taken during neck / head cancer
11 (SCM)
65
what does PT do for neck and head cancer
shoulder dysfunction
(dec abd n flex at shoulder
and rotation / lateral flex at neck)
66
trismus
reduce mouth opening
67
will being physically active stop my cancer from coming back
there is some risk reduction, but can help overall health but we don't know is PA causes the cancer to not come back
68
what should I do about diet for cancer / and I'm stressed
refer
69
how to approach patient who had cancer in past
peripheral neuropathy (balance, coordination)
swelling
bone health
consider referral
70
2019 guidelines
90 mins a week plus resistance - 30 mins/day 2-3 x a week
71
whats 2019 guidelines help with
fatigue
QOL
physical function
anxiety / depression
72
whats the triage
you do the cardiovascular screen and then
No comorbidities - exercise
peripheral neuropathy, ask issues, bone concerns, lymphedema - consider referral
surgery, ataxia, extreme fatigue, metatases - must refer
73
what improves lymphedema
resistance does not increase risk
74
what helps bone help
resistance , load the bone more than aerobic
75
what helps with sleep
aerobic
76
safety consideration for exercise w cancer
immune compromised
blood count
watch for fever, dizzy, inc resting HR
77
what fever is contraindicated
>38.5
78
how much platelets
WBC
hemoglobin
require physical approval
< 50000
< 3000
hemoglobin <10
79
t/f lymphedema is increased by resistance training
false
