Adult and Geriatric Psychological Development Lecture Powerpoint

Question 1

Erikson’s 8 distinct stages of personality development

Answer 1

Idea that each stage of life psychosocial crisis that has a positive or negative effect on personality

Question 2

Generativity vs stagnation (the 7th stage of personality development)

Answer 2

Occurs in middle adulthood (40-65 years) where generativity is “making your mark” by creating things that last beyond your lifetime vs stagnation by being focused on self interest/indulgence with no interest in people or environment around them

Question 3

Integrity vs Despair (the 8th stage of personality development)

Answer 3

Integrity is reflecting back on life and accomplishments and being proud of achievements, satisfied with life, etc. vs despair is reflecting back on life and accomplishments and focusing on failures and having regret

Question 4

Carl Jung and the midlife crisis

Answer 4

Known as the founder of psychology of adult development and aging, identified the midlife crisis as a critical transition period from the 1st half of life (focused on establishing self) and the 2nd half (searching for meaning)

Question 5

Daniel Levinson’s “life structure”

Answer 5

Idea that there is an underlying pattern of one’s life at any given moment created by key decisions made during transitional periods with 2 components to each stage (stable - making a crucial decision and transitional - end of one stage beginning next one), and balance of internal needs with external demands creates conflicts.

Question 6

Robert Peck

Answer 6

Expanded on stage 8 (integrity vs despair) of Erikson, focused on psychological developments necessary for healthy adaptation to aging (such as valuing wisdom over physical powers)

Question 7

George Vaillant’s 6 adult tasks necessary for maturity

Answer 7

• Development of identity (separation of adolescent from parents)
• Development of intimacy (expanding sense of self to include another person)
• Career consolidation (finding career valuable to self and society)
• Generativity (being in a relationship but not in control)
• Becoming keepr of the meaning (passing traditions to next generation)
• Achieving integrity (peace about life and world as they exist)

Question 8

Social clock

Answer 8

Idea that there is culturally preferred timing for certain life events such as job, leaving home, retirement, etc.

Question 9

Narrative psychology

Answer 9

Idea that humans construct stories to deal with experiences, that human activity/life experiences are filled with meaning and there are implications behind the stories, that there is a development of self that is continuous as one constructs own life’s story

Question 10

Carol Ryff’s 6 dimensions of well being

Answer 10

• Self acceptance of both good and bad
• Control over one’s surroundings (influence one’s environment and adapt to difficult circumstances)
• Positive relationships with others
• Autonomy
• Personal growth
• Life purpose

Question 11

Costa and Mccrae’s 5 basic dimensions of personality and acronym to remember them by

Answer 11

-Extraversion (includes excitability, sociability, etc)
-Agreeableness (attributes such as trust, altruism, affection)
-Conscientiousness (thoughtful and good impulse control)
-Neuroticism (instability, anxiety)
-Openess (imagination and insight)
OCEAN

Question 12

Marital Satisfaction in midlife and 2 critical factors

Answer 12

U shaped curve, high during honeymoon and declines during childraising years then increases again in late adulthood
-# of children and finances (too few resources for number of children) however sometimes departure of last child can create more stress

Question 13

Midlife divorce

Answer 13

Long standing marriages are less likely to break up, most divorces largely limited to young adulthood, most occur in the first 10 years, those who divorce late have more difficulty adjusting to changes and less hope for the future

Question 14

Divorce and grown children sees which parental child relationship to be most affected?

Answer 14

Father child

Question 15

“The empty nest” effect

Answer 15

Varied reactions based on last child leaving home, can be traumatic or liberating but tends to be better for those who prepare for the event (bring up hobbies, personal development, etc)

Question 16

“The cluttered nest”

Answer 16

Relatively common tendency for children to move back home for a period often more than once

Question 17

Sandwich generation

Answer 17

Middle age parents who have living parents themselves and get caught up in caring for both

Question 18

Skip generation family

Answer 18

Occurs when grandparents have a grandchild and are complete guardians for them often when the parents are not present in these situations

Question 19

Cognitive appraisal theory

Answer 19

Idea that an individual’s interpretation of an event determines their emotional reaction

Question 20

Neugarten’s 4 styles of aging

Answer 20

Integrated (function well, high satisfaction)
Armor defended (achievement oriented, striving)
Passive dependent (apathetic)
Unintegrated (disorganized, little control over emotions)

Question 21

Selective optimization with compensation

Answer 21

Idea that successful aging depends on having goals to guide development and resources throughout life and that the aging brain compensates for loss by selectively optimizing or making best of other abilities

Question 22

Cultural variation on the relationship between society and the aging process

Answer 22

Japan has respect for the aged day
China respect for elderly is law
Vietnam has elders be head of family
Latinos and African Americans more likely to live with relatives
Europeans and Americans are 2x likely to institutionalize their elderly

Question 23

Effects of institutionalization on the elderly

Answer 23

• Loss of sense of identity and autonomy
• Reduction of ADLs
• Worsening cognition
• Sense of abandonment by family and friends
• Sense of loss of freedom, privacy, community
• Depression

Question 24

2 most common psychiatric diseases in the elderly

Answer 24

• Dementia

- Depression

Question 25

___ fraction of seniors abused each year, ___ fraction ever get reported to adult protective services

Answer 25

1/10, 1/23

Question 26

Signs of elder abuse (4)

Answer 26

• Bruises
• lack of basic hygiene
• Unexplained behavioral changes
• Large withdrawals from bank account