Adrenergic Agonist.

Question 0

Dopamine doses

Answer 0

Low dose (1-2 mcg/kg/min.)=vasodilation to kidneys brain and viscera
Medium dose (2-10 mcg/kg/min.)= increases CO
High dose (>10 mcg/kg/min)= increased alpha receptors activity which results in arterial and Vino constriction.

Question 1

Dopamine perfusion relevance

Answer 1

Drug of choice for cardiogenic or septic shock. Renal failure. Hypertension. Congestive heart failure

Question 2

Dobutamine

Answer 2

Dobutrex. Synthetic direct acting beta-1 agonist. Increases cardiac rate and output with few vascular effects.

Question 3

Fenoldopam.

Answer 3

Corlopam. Agonist of Peru Friel dopamine receptors. Used as a rapid basal dilator to treat severe hypertension. It is a rest Seemic mixture and the right-handed isomer is active.

Question 4

Oxymetazoline

Answer 4

Direct acting synthetic adrenergic agonist stimulates both alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptors. Produces vasoconstriction and decrease his congestion.

Question 5

Phenylephrine

Answer 5

New synephrine, sudafed pe. Direct acting synthetic adrenergic drug that binds to alpha-1 receptors. Vasoconstrictor that raises both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure’s. Induces reflex bradycardia and is used to treat hypotension.

Question 6

Clonidine

Answer 6

Catapres duraclon. Alpha-2 agonist that is used for hypertension

Question 7

Albuterol and terbutaline

Answer 7

Accuneb,pro air ha, ventolin. Terbutaline has no trade name. Short acting Beta two agonist used for bronchodilators. Albuterol use for acute asthma. Terbutaline used for uterine relaxant.

Question 8

Salmeterol and formoterol

Answer 8

Serevent diskus, foradil aerolizer/performoist. Long-lasting beta-2 agonist. Last up to 12 hours compared to albuterol which only last three

Question 9

Mirabegron

Answer 9

Mybetriq. Beta three agonist that relaxes the detrusor muscle and increase his bladder capacity

Question 10

Amphetamine

Answer 10

Adderall. Indirect acting adrenergic agonist. Increases blood pressure through alpha-1 and beta-1 stimulation.

Question 11

Cocaine

Answer 11

Local anesthetic that blocks sodium chloride norepinephrine transporter required for cellular uptake of norepinephrine in the neuron.

Question 13

Ephedrine and pseudo ephedrine

Answer 13

Ephedrine has various. Sudafed. Mixed action adrenergic agents. Not only really stored nori from nerve endings but also directly stimulate both alpha and beta receptors. Excellent absorption and penetrate into CNS. Long duration of action because they are not degraded by COMT and MAO.

Question 14

Eppinephrine

Answer 14

Tradename adrenaline/EpiPen. Direct acting agonist. causes beta-1 stimulation on both the heart and the kidneys therefore causes increased contractility and renin release. Constricts arterials in the skin mucous membranes which are alpha effects. Dilates vessels to the liver and skeletal muscle which are beta-2 effects. Overall effect is it increased systolic blood pressure with a slight decrease and diastolic pressure due to beta-2 receptor

Question 15

Norepinephrine

Answer 15

Tradename levophed. In therapeutic doses mostly affects alpha receptors. Causes vasoconstriction and increases both systolic and diastolic blood pressure’s. Stimulates barrow receptors which induces cabal activity and causes reflex bradycardia. Does not affect inotropy. Atropine is still given before norepinephrine to block vagal affects.

Question 16

Isoproteronol

Answer 16

Isuprel. Direct acting agonist. Stimulates both beta 1 and beta 2 receptors. Stimulation of heart contraction, rate, output. Decreased peripheral resistance and bronchodilator.

Question 17

dopamine

Answer 17

No trade name. Metabolic precursor norepinephrine direct acting agonist. At high doses causes vasoconstriction by activating alpha-receptors where as low doses it stimulates beta-1 receptors. It increases renal bloodflow via D receptors.

Question 18

six steps of norepinephrine synthesis

Answer 18

1. )synthesis of nore via tyrosine to dopa hydroxylation (rate limiting step) dopa decarboxylated into dopamine
2. )uptake into vesicles where it is converted to NORE
3. )release of NT. influx of ca causes Nt release
4. )binding to receptor either pre which causes feedback loop and stops production of nore or post
   5) either diffuses away or inactivated by COMT or absorbed by presynaptic (most common)
5. )may be reused or degraded by MAO

Question 19

A1

Answer 19

increase in vascular tone increase in BP Mydriasis -Increased bladder tone -Increased tension in prostate

Question 20

Dexmedetomidine

Answer 20

PRECEDEX ALPHA 2 AGONIST SEDATIVE