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Endo > Adrenal Cortex > Flashcards

Adrenal Cortex Flashcards

wk 9

1
Q

What are the two regions of the Adrenal glands?

A

Adrenal Cortex and Adrenal Medulla

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2
Q

What is the category of hormones that the Adrenal Cortex secretes.

What are the primary hormones?

A

Corticosteroids

C21 and C19

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3
Q

What does the Adrenal medulla collectively secrete?

What are the two primary hormones it secrets?

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Collectively catecholamines

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4
Q

What are the three zones of the adrenal cortex?

A

Zone glomerulosa

Zona Fasciculata

Zona Reticularis

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5
Q

What does the zona glomerulosa secrete?

A

aldosterone

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6
Q

What does the Zona Reticularis secrete?

A

Adrenal androgens (DHEA and androstenedione)

Small amounts of oestrogen

Glucocorticoids

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7
Q

what does the zona fasciculata secrete?

A

Glucocorticoids, adrenal anogens and estrogens

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8
Q

What is the families of C21 and C19 steroid hormones?

A

C21= Mineralocoricoids
= Glucocorticoids

C19= androgens

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9
Q

what are the specific hormones secreted by Androgen family?

A

DHEA and Androstenedione

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10
Q

What are the specific hormone secreted by Glucocorticoids?

A

Cortisol and Corticosterone

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11
Q

What are the specific hormones secreted by the Mineralocorticoids family?

A

Aldosterone and deoxycorticosterone

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12
Q

What is cortisol mostly bound to for transport?

A

transcortin/ Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG)

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13
Q

What type of effect does Cortisol create?

A

Hyperglycaemic effects

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14
Q

What are hyperglycaemic effects?

A

It enhances gene expression of the hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes - phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-1,6-
bisphosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphatase
* It decreases GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue
* During the interdigestive period (low insulin-glucagon ratio), it promotes glucose sparing
* It potentiates the effects of catecholamines on lipolysis, thereby making FFAs available as energy sources

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15
Q

What are the two hormones that regulate cortisol secretion? How

A

CRH - increased CRH from stress

ACTH- activates AC = increase in pregnenolone

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16
Q

What is the major function of aldosterone?

A

regulation of electrolyte (Na and K) concentrations in ECF

17
Q

What is the role of potassium in Aldosterone regulation?

A

Potassium: increased = stimulation and depolarisation of cell to allow Ca channels to open and increase aldosterone production

18
Q

What are the three catecholamines secreted from Adrenal Medulla?

What amino acid are they derived from?

A

NE, E and dopamine

Tyrosine

19
Q

What are the receptors for catecholamines?

A

GPCR’s

A and B adrenergic receptors

Endo (14 decks)

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