Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology 1B > Adolescent Development > Flashcards

Adolescent Development Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What are the primary sex characteristics?

A

Body structure that make sexual reproduction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the secondary sex characteristics?

A

Non-reproductive sexual characteristics. Female = breast and hips, male = voice and body hair.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is menarche?

A

The first menstrual period.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 environmental factors that impact variations in pubertal development?

A
  1. Adiposity (amount of body fat)
  2. Chemicals mimicking hormones (BPA in plastics)
  3. Family stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the psychological consequences of early maturation in males?

A
  • Opportunities for leadership
  • Higher social status with peers
  • Academic, emotional, and behavioural problems (may only be short-lived)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the psychological consequences of late maturation in males?

A
  • Negative impact on esteem is short-lived
  • Develop positive qualities such as insight
  • Less pressure to engage in risk behaviours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the psychological consequences of early maturation in females?

A
  • Negative long and short term effects
  • Premature dating and sexual encounters
  • Vulnerable to STIs, ED, smoking, drinking, depressions, anxiety, and poor academic achievement
  • Related to family environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the psychological consequences of late maturation in females?

A
  • Lower peer status
  • Generally more positive outcomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Grey matter in the brain is called…

A

Synapses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

At what age does grey matter increase to be the most connections you’ll ever have?

A

3-15 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When grey matter decreases, this is called…

A

Pruning: of less active synapses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which part of the brain is most active?

A

Prefrontal Cortex (PFC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which part of the brain continues to grow throughout development?

A

White matter: neurons become more myelinated (enhanced conductivity/connectivity).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Prefrontal Cortex important for?

A

Executive functions: planning, emotional regulation, and response inhibition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of development explains adolescent risking decision making?

A

Neuro-cognitive development of reward and control regions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

According to Piaget, an adolescent in the formal operational stage is able to…

A

Think abstractly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 2 concepts in Piaget’s formal operational stage?

A
  1. Hypothetico-deductive reasoning
  2. Propositional thought
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 3 reasons why older adolescents don’t consistently use formal operational thinking?

A
  1. Cognitively lazy, relying on intuition and mental shortcuts
  2. Easier to use formal operational thinking on tasks where we have considerable experience
  3. Cultural differences
19
Q

Abstract reasoning + formal operational thinking =

A

Increased questioning of standards and reasons (more conflict with parents and authority figures).

20
Q

What are the 3 consequences of formal operational thought in adolescence?

A
  1. Greater idealism
  2. More argumentative
  3. More indecisive
21
Q

Who posed moral dilemmas to different age groups, such as ‘is it okay to steal medicine to save someone’s life’?

A

Lawrence Kohlberg, 1980s

22
Q

What are the 3 levels of Kohlberg’s moral ladder?

A
  1. Pre-conventional
  2. Conventional
  3. Post-conventional
23
Q

What occurs as moral development progresses?

A

The focus of concern moves from the self to the wider social world.

24
Q

What morality is present during the pre-conventional level?

A

Self-interest

25
Q

What morality is present during the conventional level?

A

Law and social rules

26
Q

What morality is present during the post-conventional level?

A

Abstract principles

27
Q

What are the 2 stages within the pre-conventional level?

A
  1. Avoid punishment
  2. Obtain reward
28
Q

What are the 2 stages within the conventional level?

A
  1. Approval/disapproval
  2. Law and order
29
Q

What are the 2 stages within the post-conventional level?

A
  1. Social contract
  2. Individual principles
30
Q

Morality is associated with…

A

Cognitive and emotional development

31
Q

According to Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development theory, later childhood is focused on…

A

Developing a positive sense of self

32
Q

What is the crisis of adolescence in Erikson’s theory?

A

Identity vs role confusion

33
Q

What 4 aspects make up a person’s identity?

A
  1. Gender, ethnicity, social groups
  2. Culture (individualistic vs collective)
  3. Personal view of personal characteristics
  4. Goals and values
34
Q

What did Marcia propose?

A

Identity status as part of psychological identity development.

35
Q

According to Marcia, what are the 4 types of identity status?

A
  1. Identity diffusion
  2. Identity foreclosure
  3. Identity moratorium
  4. Identity achievement
36
Q

What occurs in the identity diffusion stage?

A
  • Adolescent does not have a sense of having choices
  • Not yet made a commitment
37
Q

What occurs in the identity foreclosure stage?

A
  • Seems willing to commit some roles, values, or goals for the future
  • Not yet experienced an identity crisis
  • Tend to conform to expectations for future
  • Not explored a range of options
38
Q

What occurs in the identity moratorium stage?

A
  • Currently in a crisis
  • Exploring various commitments and is ready to make choices, but not yet made a commitment to these choices
39
Q

What occurs in the identity achievement stage?

A

Has gone through an identity crisis and made a commitment to a sense of identity.

40
Q

An identity crisis occurs when…

A

Adolescents begin to think more deeply about identity and reconsider values.

41
Q

What are the 2 dimensions of emotional autonomy in adolescence?

A
  1. Perceiving parents as people
  2. Parental de-idealisation
42
Q

Warm, supportive parenting during adolescence predicts high…

A

Self-reliance, work orientation, academic success, and self-esteem gains

43
Q

What is the new development stage added as a result of a changing modern society?

A

Emerging adulthood

Psychology 1B (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions