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Abnormal Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 theoretical perspectives in abnormal psychology?

A
  1. Psychodynamic/Psychoanalytic
  2. Cognitive/Behavioural
  3. Biological
  4. Systems
  5. Evolutionary
  6. Integrative perspectives/models
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2
Q

What are the 6 treatment approaches for psychological disorders?

A
  1. Psychodynamic
  2. Cognitive-behavioural
  3. Humanistic
  4. Group
  5. Family & couples
  6. Biological treatments
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3
Q

What are the 6 main disorders under the Schizophrenia Spectrum?

A
  1. Schizophrenia
  2. Schizophreniform disorder
  3. Brief psychotic disorder
  4. Schizoaffective disorder
  5. Delusional disorder
  6. Schizotypal (personality) disorder
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4
Q

What are the 5 types of disturbances experienced in psychotic disorders?

A
  1. Thought
  2. Perception
  3. Language
  4. Affect
  5. Behaviour
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5
Q

The presence of something not usually there is a ____ symptom of psychosis.

A

Positive (e.g. hallucinations, delusions, disorganised behaviour)

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6
Q

The absence of a function is a ____ symptom of psychosis.

A

Negative (e.g. lack of emotion, motivation, complex thought)

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7
Q

What are the 2 thoughts behind the biological basis of schizophrenia?

A
  1. Diathesis-stress model
  2. Dopamine hypothesis (elevated levels)
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8
Q

Which model believes that schizophrenia develops in people with an underlying biological vulnerability that is compounded by stress?

A

Diathesis-stress model

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9
Q

What is a common finding in the brains of individuals with schizophrenia?

A

Enlarged ventricles

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10
Q

What is the result of neuron loss in the brain of individuals with schizophrenia?

A

A diminished volume of brain tissue

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11
Q

In which areas of the brain has atrophy been observed in schizophrenia?

A

Frontal temporal and prefrontal cortex

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12
Q

What is the function of the limbic system mentioned in relation to schizophrenia?

A

Emotional regulation

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13
Q

What are the key features of major depressive disorder?

A

An episode lasting min. 2 weeks, intense sadness, changes in appetite, and sleep disturbances

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14
Q

What are the key features of persistent depressive disorder?

A

Longer term (2 years), less extreme but chronicity can make it equally severe

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15
Q

What is the heritability rate of depressive disorders?

A

30-40%

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16
Q

According to the cognitive theory, what are the 2 types of dysfunctional thinking in depressive disorders?

A

Negative triad: outlook on world, self, and future
Cognitive distortions: negative transformation of positive info

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17
Q

Which type of bipolar disorder has manic episodes and may or may not have major depressive episodes?

A

Bipolar I

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18
Q

Which type of bipolar disorder has hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes?

A

Bipolar II

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19
Q

What is cyclothymia?

A

A type of bipolar disorder: 2 years of ups and downs that don’t become full manic, hypomania, or depressive episodes

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20
Q

Persistent depressive disorder is also known as…

A

Dysthymia

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21
Q

Which psychiatric disorder is considered to have the highest genetic component?

A

Bipolar disorders

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22
Q

What are the 5 main types of anxiety disorders?

A
  1. Specific phobias
  2. Social anxiety disorder
  3. Panic disorder
  4. Agoraphobia
  5. GAD
23
Q

Which anxiety disorder is marked by a fear of being in places that may be difficult to escape?

A

Agoraphobia

24
Q

What % of people who experience a traumatic event develop PTSD?

A

Approx. 10%

25
What are the 3 types of somatic symptom and related disorders?
1. Somatic symptom disorder 2. Conversion disorder 3. Illness anxiety disorder
26
Which disorder is marked by a loss or significant change in physical function in the absence of physical diagnosis?
Conversion disorder
27
What are the 3 types of dissociative disorders?
1. Depersonalisation/Derealisation Disorder 2. Dissociative Amnesia (dissociative fugue) 3. Dissociative Identity Disorder
28
What disorder is marked by a loss of all sense of personal identity, give up their identity, wanders to a new faraway location and establishes a new identity?
Dissociative fugue
29
What are the 3 types of EDs?
1. Anorexia nervosa 2. Bullimia nervosa 3. Binge-eating disorder
30
In the DSM-5, the previous terms 'substance abuse' and 'substance dependence' have been combined to now be...
Substance use disorder
31
How likely are children of alcoholics to develop alcoholism themselves?
4x more likely
32
What are the 10 types of personality disorders?
1. Paranoid 2. Schizoid 3. Schizotypal 4. Antisocial 5. Borderline 6. Histrionic 7. Narcissistic 8. Avoidant 9. Dependent 10. Obssesive-compulsive
33
Which personality disorder is marked by excessive emotionality and attention seeking?
Histrionic
34
Which personality disorder is marked by detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotional expression?
Schizoid
35
What are the symptoms of schizotypal personality disorder?
Acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricity
36
What are the 5 main types of professionals in abnormal psychology?
1. Psychologists 2. Psychiatrists 3. Psychiatric social workers 4. Counsellors 5. Various paraprofessionals
37
Which treatment approach requires an alliance between patient and therapist?
Psychodynamic
38
What does the psychodynamic approach believe?
Mental symptoms reflect unconscious conflicts that induce anxiety - goal is to gain insight into these conflicts
39
What are the 3 techniques in psychodynamic therapy?
1. Free association 2. Interpretation 3. Analysis of transference
40
What are the 3 forms of psychodynamic therapy?
1. Psychoanalysis 2. Psychodynamic psychotherapy 3. Interpersonal psychotherapy
41
Which form of psychodynamic therapy encourages free association?
Psychoanalysis
42
Which form of psychodynamic therapy is more goal-orietnted?
Psychodynamic psychotherapy
43
What are the 4 techniques of CBT?
1. Classical conditioning 2. Flooding 3. Graded exposure 4. Operant learning
44
Graded exposure is also referred to as...
Systemic desensitisation
45
What are the 3 techniques of operant learning?
1. Modelling 2. Skills training 3. Exposure and response prevention
46
What type of therapy focuses on changing dysfunctional thought patterns?
Cognitive therapy
47
What are the 4 types of cognitive therapy?
1. Ellis's rational emotive therapy 2. Beck's cognitive therapy 3. Mindfulness practices 4. Acceptance and commitment therapy
48
Which therapy focuses on the patient's irrational thought patterns?
Ellis' rational emotive therapy
49
Which therapy focuses on challenging patient's cognitive distortions?
Beck's cognitive therapy
50
Which therapy encourages people to behave in ways that are in line with their values?
ACT
51
Which type of therapy focuses on the way individuals consciously experience the self, relationships, and the world?
Humanistic (Carl Rogers)
52
What is the main type of humanistic therapy?
Client-centred therapy
53
What does client-centred therapy help clients to do?
Accept the difference between their ideal self and their actual experiences through the use of unconditional positive regard
54
What is the main goal of family therapy?
To change maladaptive family interaction patterns

Psychology 1B (8 decks)

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