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Psychology 1B > Abnormal Psychology > Flashcards

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 6 theoretical perspectives in abnormal psychology?

A
  1. Psychodynamic/Psychoanalytic
  2. Cognitive/Behavioural
  3. Biological
  4. Systems
  5. Evolutionary
  6. Integrative perspectives/models
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2
Q

What are the 6 treatment approaches for psychological disorders?

A
  1. Psychodynamic
  2. Cognitive-behavioural
  3. Humanistic
  4. Group
  5. Family & couples
  6. Biological treatments
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3
Q

What are the 6 main disorders under the Schizophrenia Spectrum?

A
  1. Schizophrenia
  2. Schizophreniform disorder
  3. Brief psychotic disorder
  4. Schizoaffective disorder
  5. Delusional disorder
  6. Schizotypal (personality) disorder
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4
Q

What are the 5 types of disturbances experienced in psychotic disorders?

A
  1. Thought
  2. Perception
  3. Language
  4. Affect
  5. Behaviour
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5
Q

The presence of something not usually there is a ____ symptom of psychosis.

A

Positive (e.g. hallucinations, delusions, disorganised behaviour)

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6
Q

The absence of a function is a ____ symptom of psychosis.

A

Negative (e.g. lack of emotion, motivation, complex thought)

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7
Q

What are the 2 thoughts behind the biological basis of schizophrenia?

A
  1. Diathesis-stress model
  2. Dopamine hypothesis (elevated levels)
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8
Q

Which model believes that schizophrenia develops in people with an underlying biological vulnerability that is compounded by stress?

A

Diathesis-stress model

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9
Q

What is a common finding in the brains of individuals with schizophrenia?

A

Enlarged ventricles

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10
Q

What is the result of neuron loss in the brain of individuals with schizophrenia?

A

A diminished volume of brain tissue

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11
Q

In which areas of the brain has atrophy been observed in schizophrenia?

A

Frontal temporal and prefrontal cortex

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12
Q

What is the function of the limbic system mentioned in relation to schizophrenia?

A

Emotional regulation

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13
Q

What are the key features of major depressive disorder?

A

An episode lasting min. 2 weeks, intense sadness, changes in appetite, and sleep disturbances

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14
Q

What are the key features of persistent depressive disorder?

A

Longer term (2 years), less extreme but chronicity can make it equally severe

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15
Q

What is the heritability rate of depressive disorders?

A

30-40%

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16
Q

According to the cognitive theory, what are the 2 types of dysfunctional thinking in depressive disorders?

A

Negative triad: outlook on world, self, and future
Cognitive distortions: negative transformation of positive info

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17
Q

Which type of bipolar disorder has manic episodes and may or may not have major depressive episodes?

A

Bipolar I

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18
Q

Which type of bipolar disorder has hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes?

A

Bipolar II

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19
Q

What is cyclothymia?

A

A type of bipolar disorder: 2 years of ups and downs that don’t become full manic, hypomania, or depressive episodes

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20
Q

Persistent depressive disorder is also known as…

A

Dysthymia

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21
Q

Which psychiatric disorder is considered to have the highest genetic component?

A

Bipolar disorders

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22
Q

What are the 5 main types of anxiety disorders?

A
  1. Specific phobias
  2. Social anxiety disorder
  3. Panic disorder
  4. Agoraphobia
  5. GAD
23
Q

Which anxiety disorder is marked by a fear of being in places that may be difficult to escape?

A

Agoraphobia

24
Q

What % of people who experience a traumatic event develop PTSD?

A

Approx. 10%

25
Q

What are the 3 types of somatic symptom and related disorders?

A
  1. Somatic symptom disorder
  2. Conversion disorder
  3. Illness anxiety disorder
26
Q

Which disorder is marked by a loss or significant change in physical function in the absence of physical diagnosis?

A

Conversion disorder

27
Q

What are the 3 types of dissociative disorders?

A
  1. Depersonalisation/Derealisation Disorder
  2. Dissociative Amnesia (dissociative fugue)
  3. Dissociative Identity Disorder
28
Q

What disorder is marked by a loss of all sense of personal identity, give up their identity, wanders to a new faraway location and establishes a new identity?

A

Dissociative fugue

29
Q

What are the 3 types of EDs?

A
  1. Anorexia nervosa
  2. Bullimia nervosa
  3. Binge-eating disorder
30
Q

In the DSM-5, the previous terms ‘substance abuse’ and ‘substance dependence’ have been combined to now be…

A

Substance use disorder

31
Q

How likely are children of alcoholics to develop alcoholism themselves?

A

4x more likely

32
Q

What are the 10 types of personality disorders?

A
  1. Paranoid
  2. Schizoid
  3. Schizotypal
  4. Antisocial
  5. Borderline
  6. Histrionic
  7. Narcissistic
  8. Avoidant
  9. Dependent
  10. Obssesive-compulsive
33
Q

Which personality disorder is marked by excessive emotionality and attention seeking?

A

Histrionic

34
Q

Which personality disorder is marked by detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotional expression?

A

Schizoid

35
Q

What are the symptoms of schizotypal personality disorder?

A

Acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricity

36
Q

What are the 5 main types of professionals in abnormal psychology?

A
  1. Psychologists
  2. Psychiatrists
  3. Psychiatric social workers
  4. Counsellors
  5. Various paraprofessionals
37
Q

Which treatment approach requires an alliance between patient and therapist?

A

Psychodynamic

38
Q

What does the psychodynamic approach believe?

A

Mental symptoms reflect unconscious conflicts that induce anxiety - goal is to gain insight into these conflicts

39
Q

What are the 3 techniques in psychodynamic therapy?

A
  1. Free association
  2. Interpretation
  3. Analysis of transference
40
Q

What are the 3 forms of psychodynamic therapy?

A
  1. Psychoanalysis
  2. Psychodynamic psychotherapy
  3. Interpersonal psychotherapy
41
Q

Which form of psychodynamic therapy encourages free association?

A

Psychoanalysis

42
Q

Which form of psychodynamic therapy is more goal-orietnted?

A

Psychodynamic psychotherapy

43
Q

What are the 4 techniques of CBT?

A
  1. Classical conditioning
  2. Flooding
  3. Graded exposure
  4. Operant learning
44
Q

Graded exposure is also referred to as…

A

Systemic desensitisation

45
Q

What are the 3 techniques of operant learning?

A
  1. Modelling
  2. Skills training
  3. Exposure and response prevention
46
Q

What type of therapy focuses on changing dysfunctional thought patterns?

A

Cognitive therapy

47
Q

What are the 4 types of cognitive therapy?

A
  1. Ellis’s rational emotive therapy
  2. Beck’s cognitive therapy
  3. Mindfulness practices
  4. Acceptance and commitment therapy
48
Q

Which therapy focuses on the patient’s irrational thought patterns?

A

Ellis’ rational emotive therapy

49
Q

Which therapy focuses on challenging patient’s cognitive distortions?

A

Beck’s cognitive therapy

50
Q

Which therapy encourages people to behave in ways that are in line with their values?

A

ACT

51
Q

Which type of therapy focuses on the way individuals consciously experience the self, relationships, and the world?

A

Humanistic (Carl Rogers)

52
Q

What is the main type of humanistic therapy?

A

Client-centred therapy

53
Q

What does client-centred therapy help clients to do?

A

Accept the difference between their ideal self and their actual experiences through the use of unconditional positive regard

54
Q

What is the main goal of family therapy?

A

To change maladaptive family interaction patterns

Psychology 1B (8 decks)

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