Adolescence Flashcards
Nature of adolescence
In matters of taste/ manners, the younger PPI of every generation hare seemed unnervingly radical and different from adults.
Puberty
Period in which adolescents reach sexual maturity achieve and the capacity for sexual reproduction (Nero endocrine process in early adolescence ) = rapid physical changes
Sexual maturation
Height / weight
Primary sexual maturation
Growth of period of menstruation
Secondary sexual maturation
Growth of public hair or development of breast/ voice (aromatic changes in both height and weight) timing is differ both boys /giris
Early adolescents
Girls tend to outweigh boys but by abt 14 boys begin to surpass girls ( 2 years earlier forgirls)
Hormones
Chemical recreated by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the bloodstream
HPG axis
Hypothalamus → pituitary gland → gonads which release hormones and controls both of gonads (testieles) in men and overs in women
Hypothalamus
Monitor eating and sex
Pituitary gland
Controls growth and regulates other glands by releasing its own hormones
Gonads
Give rise to puberty changes in the body
Testosterone and estradiol
Hormone found in both boys / girls
Testosterone is dominate in male puberty
Estradia is dominate infemale puberty
Timing and variations in puberty
Nutrition, health, family, stress, end the enamonmentel factors affecting pubertys timing and makeup
Menarche
Girls first menstruation
Menstruation cycle
Comes late in puberty cycle, argase of menstruation has declined a lot due to improved nutrition and health ( later memories associated with higher income revels)
Early vs. Late menstruation
Perceive themselves differently and differs in bogs / girls.
Early maturing boys
Have an advantage during adolescence
Early maturing girls
R vulnerable to a #of things
- Smoking
- Drinking
- Depression
- Eating disorder
- Earlier sexual experiences
Body image
Adolescents r concerned with their bodies and how they look. Gener differences characterize adolescence perceptions of their body. Girls r less happy with there body’s. Bodys made bc more (+) toward end of adolescentsfor both boys gins
Adolescents sexuality
Adolescence is a time for sexual exploration and experimentation of sexual fantasies and realities and of incorporange sexuality into 1 id
Gay / lesbian
Ppl may struggle with same sex attractionin childhood, may not engage in heterosexual dating, and may gradually recognize that they r gay or lesbian in middle to late adoresents
Timing / sequence
Of sexual development milestones: there r few individual differences betweenheterosexual and sexual minority adolescents (except more stress)
Conversion therapy
Illegal in Canada on Jan 7, 2022
Contraceptive use (3)
- Unintended or unwanted pregnancy 2. STI 3. Don’t use protection
Adolescent pregnancy
Health risk for both babies/ mothers. Associated with preterm birth, low birth weights, low Apgar scores ( - outcomes associated with low ses)
2 approaches to reduce teenpregnancy
- Teaching abt pregnancy prevention
- Empower girls
Nutrition / exercise
Early obesity on increased and has been causing long term neath implications. Excessive reduces triglyceride levels, low blood pressure, lower incidence of type 2 diabetes. Adolescents exercise is influenced by parents, peers,
2 key metrics of sleep
- Amt of sleep 2. Timing ( circadian rhythm)
Sleep patterns
Most adolescent get less sleep then they need but there schedule defers from children and adults ( electronic / media / coffee = sleep deprivation )
What is sleep deprivation associated with
Depression / anxiety / obesity / difficulty concentrating / grogginess / poor performance on tests
Substance use/ abuse
Alcohol and cigs r most common in youth ( party/ social with peers) or (some use coping with anxiety depression)
Higher substance abuse…
In 1st nations, Inuit, and Métis community’s compared to non-indigenous youth.
Four principles must guide police to prevent substance youth
- Equitable social / economic condition 2. Promote + Social norms, communicate risks, reduce access to arcilibility 3. Build skills / resilience of youth / family 4. Promote early intervention
Anorexia nervosa
ED involves relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation
Bulimia nervosa
ED where person follows a dinge-and- purse patten overeating followed by self - induced la actor or vomiting
ED
Fear with food, fear with being overweight, depression or anxious, disarmed body image
Piaget theory
Adolescent cognition > children enter the cos around 7g of age
Formal operation stage
Mac abstract the CO adolescent can conjure up purely hypothetical make believe sistuctions and try to reason logical abt things
Hypothetical deductive reasoning
Creating a hypothesis and deducting its implications, proving ways to test tu hypotheses. = researches challenging planets ideas on FPS
Adolescent egocentrism
Heightened self-consciousness of adolescents
Imaginary audience
Belief that others are as interested in the as thy are, leading to attention getting Behavior
Personal fable
Sense of uniqueness and invincibility ( or invulnerability)
Executive function
Umbrella like concept for a # of higher level of congre processes linked to the development of prefrontal cortex ( involves managing ones thoughts, goal Behavior and excursions self control )
Working memory
Storage, upafaiting, manipulating info
Sustained attention
Increases during adolescence
Inhibition
Troop task
Decision making
Many decisions to make during adolescence (friends, partner, sex) by age of 15/16 years of age they have Cognitive skills that are prerequisite for adults like deliberate decision making
Brain
Brain volume increases: neuralpruning; level of neurotransmitters and corpus collosum. Where nerve fibres connect brans left and right hemispheres ( thickens = betto info processing)
Effects of stressors
Stress is associated with poverty and migration and have long lasting impacts on mental health like anxiety and depression (sensitre to Social stress) (pandemic = higher stress + increase use of weed and alcohol)
Middle school to Junior Hs
Occurs at some the of puberty, concern about body image, formal operational thoughts, changes in social cognition, increased responsibility
Top dog phenomenon
Go from being oldest / biggest s powerful to be coming youngest / smallest I least pour unfurl
High School
Larger, more bureaucratic and more impersonal: teaches often fail to make contrite relevant ( adolsense become more immersed in complex peer groups that demand conformity)
Younge women vs. Young men dropout rate
M = feeling uninvolved in school and want to make money
W= personal or family issues / pregnanc
Dropout rate higher for indigenous students
