Adipose Tissue Flashcards
Main components on adipose tissue
Adipocytes
Precursor cells
Fibroblasts
Immune cells
Vascular cells
Functions of adipocytes
energy storage (in the form of fats)
insulation
cushioning
endocrine activity
Function of fibroblasts in adipose tissue
mechanical support
Function of vascular cells in adipose tissue
nutrient and oxygen supply
access of adipokines to systemic circulation
what immune cells are present in adipose tissue
macrophages
T cells
what adipose tissue is found in fetus and infants
brown adipose tissue
composition of brown adipose tissue
many small lipid vacuoles
many mitochondria with UPC-1
what type of thermogenesis helps regulate the body temperature in infants
non shivering thermogenesis
composition of white adipose tissue (WAT)
single large lipid vacuole
what process occurs to WAT
browning –> turns WAT to beige/brite
What is browning induced by
exercise and cold exposure
what does visceral adipose tissue surround
organs and intra-abdominal
what type of obesity increases risk of cardiac and metabolic diseases
visceral adipose tissue
where does visceral adipose tissue drain directly through
portal circulation to liver
which type of adipose tissue is more vascular and innervated
visceral adipose tissue
which type of adipose tissue has larger adipocytes
visceral adipose tissue
which type of adipose tissue has more hormone receptors
visceral adipose tissue
what is visceral adipose tissue more sensitive to
lipolysis and insulin resistance
subcutaneous adipose tissue has better absorption of
free fatty acids and triglycerides
which type of adipose tissue has LESS pro inflammatory cells
subcutaneous adipose tissue
adipokines
peptides released from adipose tissue in response to microenvironmental factors
what type of response do macrophages have in lean tissue
proinfammatory and anti-inflammatory
what can macrophages remove in lean tissue
dead or dying cells
tissue repair in lean tissues via macrophages
matrix deposition and fibrosis
in lean tissue, macrophages secrete factors necessary to maintain
angiogenesis
adipocytes, macrophages, mitochondria need what to function properly
iron
macrophages express receptor for
haptoglobin-hemoglobin
macrophages secrete
hepcidin
describe how we have macrophage recruitment in obese tissue
excess nutrients –> hyperplasia of adipocytes –> hypoxia –> inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress –> macrophages
effects of obese tissue on macrophages
fibrosis
iron overload –> sequestion –> possible IDA
continued induction of inflammation
systemic inflammation
decreased angiogenesis due to defective signaling –> further hypoxia of hyperplastic adipocytes
