Adipose Tissue

Question 1

Main components on adipose tissue

Answer 1

Adipocytes
Precursor cells
Fibroblasts
Immune cells
Vascular cells

Question 2

Functions of adipocytes

Answer 2

energy storage (in the form of fats)
insulation
cushioning
endocrine activity

Question 3

Function of fibroblasts in adipose tissue

Answer 3

mechanical support

Question 4

Function of vascular cells in adipose tissue

Answer 4

nutrient and oxygen supply
access of adipokines to systemic circulation

Question 5

what immune cells are present in adipose tissue

Answer 5

macrophages
T cells

Question 6

what adipose tissue is found in fetus and infants

Answer 6

brown adipose tissue

Question 7

composition of brown adipose tissue

Answer 7

many small lipid vacuoles
many mitochondria with UPC-1

Question 8

what type of thermogenesis helps regulate the body temperature in infants

Answer 8

non shivering thermogenesis

Question 9

composition of white adipose tissue (WAT)

Answer 9

single large lipid vacuole

Question 10

what process occurs to WAT

Answer 10

browning –> turns WAT to beige/brite

Question 11

What is browning induced by

Answer 11

exercise and cold exposure

Question 12

what does visceral adipose tissue surround

Answer 12

organs and intra-abdominal

Question 13

what type of obesity increases risk of cardiac and metabolic diseases

Answer 13

visceral adipose tissue

Question 14

where does visceral adipose tissue drain directly through

Answer 14

portal circulation to liver

Question 15

which type of adipose tissue is more vascular and innervated

Answer 15

visceral adipose tissue

Question 16

which type of adipose tissue has larger adipocytes

Answer 16

visceral adipose tissue

Question 17

which type of adipose tissue has more hormone receptors

Answer 17

visceral adipose tissue

Question 18

what is visceral adipose tissue more sensitive to

Answer 18

lipolysis and insulin resistance

Question 19

subcutaneous adipose tissue has better absorption of

Answer 19

free fatty acids and triglycerides

Question 20

which type of adipose tissue has LESS pro inflammatory cells

Answer 20

subcutaneous adipose tissue

Question 21

adipokines

Answer 21

peptides released from adipose tissue in response to microenvironmental factors

Question 22

what type of response do macrophages have in lean tissue

Answer 22

proinfammatory and anti-inflammatory

Question 23

what can macrophages remove in lean tissue

Answer 23

dead or dying cells

Question 24

tissue repair in lean tissues via macrophages

Answer 24

matrix deposition and fibrosis

Question 25

in lean tissue, macrophages secrete factors necessary to maintain

Answer 25

angiogenesis

Question 26

adipocytes, macrophages, mitochondria need what to function properly

Answer 26

iron

Question 27

macrophages express receptor for

Answer 27

haptoglobin-hemoglobin

Question 28

macrophages secrete

Answer 28

hepcidin

Question 29

describe how we have macrophage recruitment in obese tissue

Answer 29

excess nutrients –> hyperplasia of adipocytes –> hypoxia –> inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress –> macrophages

Question 30

effects of obese tissue on macrophages

Answer 30

fibrosis
iron overload –> sequestion –> possible IDA
continued induction of inflammation
systemic inflammation

decreased angiogenesis due to defective signaling –> further hypoxia of hyperplastic adipocytes