Adipose Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Main components on adipose tissue

A

Adipocytes
Precursor cells
Fibroblasts
Immune cells
Vascular cells

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2
Q

Functions of adipocytes

A

energy storage (in the form of fats)
insulation
cushioning
endocrine activity

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3
Q

Function of fibroblasts in adipose tissue

A

mechanical support

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4
Q

Function of vascular cells in adipose tissue

A

nutrient and oxygen supply
access of adipokines to systemic circulation

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5
Q

what immune cells are present in adipose tissue

A

macrophages
T cells

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6
Q

what adipose tissue is found in fetus and infants

A

brown adipose tissue

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7
Q

composition of brown adipose tissue

A

many small lipid vacuoles
many mitochondria with UPC-1

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8
Q

what type of thermogenesis helps regulate the body temperature in infants

A

non shivering thermogenesis

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9
Q

composition of white adipose tissue (WAT)

A

single large lipid vacuole

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10
Q

what process occurs to WAT

A

browning –> turns WAT to beige/brite

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11
Q

What is browning induced by

A

exercise and cold exposure

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12
Q

what does visceral adipose tissue surround

A

organs and intra-abdominal

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13
Q

what type of obesity increases risk of cardiac and metabolic diseases

A

visceral adipose tissue

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14
Q

where does visceral adipose tissue drain directly through

A

portal circulation to liver

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15
Q

which type of adipose tissue is more vascular and innervated

A

visceral adipose tissue

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16
Q

which type of adipose tissue has larger adipocytes

A

visceral adipose tissue

17
Q

which type of adipose tissue has more hormone receptors

A

visceral adipose tissue

18
Q

what is visceral adipose tissue more sensitive to

A

lipolysis and insulin resistance

19
Q

subcutaneous adipose tissue has better absorption of

A

free fatty acids and triglycerides

20
Q

which type of adipose tissue has LESS pro inflammatory cells

A

subcutaneous adipose tissue

21
Q

adipokines

A

peptides released from adipose tissue in response to microenvironmental factors

22
Q

what type of response do macrophages have in lean tissue

A

proinfammatory and anti-inflammatory

23
Q

what can macrophages remove in lean tissue

A

dead or dying cells

24
Q

tissue repair in lean tissues via macrophages

A

matrix deposition and fibrosis

25
in lean tissue, macrophages secrete factors necessary to maintain
angiogenesis
26
adipocytes, macrophages, mitochondria need what to function properly
iron
27
macrophages express receptor for
haptoglobin-hemoglobin
28
macrophages secrete
hepcidin
29
describe how we have macrophage recruitment in obese tissue
excess nutrients --> hyperplasia of adipocytes --> hypoxia --> inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress --> macrophages
30
effects of obese tissue on macrophages
fibrosis iron overload --> sequestion --> possible IDA continued induction of inflammation systemic inflammation decreased angiogenesis due to defective signaling --> further hypoxia of hyperplastic adipocytes