Adipokines Flashcards

1
Q

what adipokine is released in response to caloric restriction

A

adiponectin

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2
Q

is adiponectin pro inflammatory or anti-inflammatory

A

anti-inflammatory

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3
Q

adiponectin effects on insulin

A

enhances insulin sensitivity
stimulates insulin secretion

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4
Q

adiponectin effects on fats

A

regulates fatty acid oxidation
stimulates lipid catabolism

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5
Q

adiponectin effects on glucose

A

decreases hepatic glucose production

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6
Q

adiponectin effects on adipocytes

A

decreases adipocyte differentiation
increases energy expenditure in adipocyte

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7
Q

adiponectin effects on fibrogenesis

A

decreases fibrogenesis

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8
Q

anti-atherogenic properties of adiponectin

A

decrease adhesion molecules in endothelium
suppress pro inflammatory cytokines
increase NO synthase
suppress lipid accumulation in endothelium

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9
Q

adiponectin effects on liver

A

decrease fibrogenesis in liver

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10
Q

lower levels of adiponectin correlate with

A

higher BMI, increased cardiovascular risks, increased insulin resistance

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11
Q

What adipokine is released in response to excess nutrient states

A

leptin

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12
Q

where are the receptors located which leptin acts on

A

hypothalamus

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13
Q

effects of leptin after it interacts w receptors

A

suppresses appetite
decreased food intake
increased energy expenditure

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14
Q

low circulating levels of leptin can exert what type of effect

A

insulin-sensitizing

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15
Q

is leptin pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory

A

pro inflammatory

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16
Q

leptin effects on fibrogenesis

A

increased fibrogenesis

17
Q

leptin deficiency leads to

18
Q

excess circulating leptin leads to

A

leptin resistance –> obesity –> insulin resistance

19
Q

high leptin can lead to cardiovascular function. How?

A

Increases SNS activity
Imbalance of NO synthesis
Stimulates platelet aggregation, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in vascular smooth muscle

20
Q

high levels of leptin are associated with

A

renal disease
NAFLD

21
Q

effects of resistin

A

fibrosis
inflammation
insulin resistance
lipogenesis stimulation
CAD

22
Q

ghrelin is a peptide hormone released primarily by

A

gastric mucosa

23
Q

ghrelin release is induced by

A

hypoglycemia
low body weight
empty stomach
high glucagon levels

24
Q

what tissues does ghrelin act on

A

hypothalamus
pituitary
pancrease
peripheral adipose tissue

25
ghrelin actions on hypothalamus/pituitary
stimulate appetite stimulates GH release
26
ghrelin actions on GI
increase motility and gastric secretions to prepare for food
27
ghrelin actions on pancreas
decreases insulin release to assist with glucose homeostasis
28
ghrelin actions on adipose tissue
reduces glucose uptake inhibits secretion of adiponectin increases secretion of inflammatory cytokines
29
ghrelin actions on liver
induces glucose production
30
what type of drug is liraglutide
GLP-1 agonist
31
liraglutide effects on gastric emptying
delays gastric emptying --> decreases ghrelin release
32
liraglutide effects on leptin
increases leptin --> suppresses appetite
33
liraglutide effects on adiponectin
increased caloric expenditure increased insulin sensitivity
34
liraglutide effects on resistin
lower inflammation levels