Adipokines

Question 1

what adipokine is released in response to caloric restriction

Answer 1

adiponectin

Question 2

is adiponectin pro inflammatory or anti-inflammatory

Answer 2

anti-inflammatory

Question 3

adiponectin effects on insulin

Answer 3

enhances insulin sensitivity
stimulates insulin secretion

Question 4

adiponectin effects on fats

Answer 4

regulates fatty acid oxidation
stimulates lipid catabolism

Question 5

adiponectin effects on glucose

Answer 5

decreases hepatic glucose production

Question 6

adiponectin effects on adipocytes

Answer 6

decreases adipocyte differentiation
increases energy expenditure in adipocyte

Question 7

adiponectin effects on fibrogenesis

Answer 7

decreases fibrogenesis

Question 8

anti-atherogenic properties of adiponectin

Answer 8

decrease adhesion molecules in endothelium
suppress pro inflammatory cytokines
increase NO synthase
suppress lipid accumulation in endothelium

Question 9

adiponectin effects on liver

Answer 9

decrease fibrogenesis in liver

Question 10

lower levels of adiponectin correlate with

Answer 10

higher BMI, increased cardiovascular risks, increased insulin resistance

Question 11

What adipokine is released in response to excess nutrient states

Answer 11

leptin

Question 12

where are the receptors located which leptin acts on

Answer 12

hypothalamus

Question 13

effects of leptin after it interacts w receptors

Answer 13

suppresses appetite
decreased food intake
increased energy expenditure

Question 14

low circulating levels of leptin can exert what type of effect

Answer 14

insulin-sensitizing

Question 15

is leptin pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory

Answer 15

pro inflammatory

Question 16

leptin effects on fibrogenesis

Answer 16

increased fibrogenesis

Question 17

leptin deficiency leads to

Answer 17

obesity

Question 18

excess circulating leptin leads to

Answer 18

leptin resistance –> obesity –> insulin resistance

Question 19

high leptin can lead to cardiovascular function. How?

Answer 19

Increases SNS activity
Imbalance of NO synthesis
Stimulates platelet aggregation, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in vascular smooth muscle

Question 20

high levels of leptin are associated with

Answer 20

renal disease
NAFLD

Question 21

effects of resistin

Answer 21

fibrosis
inflammation
insulin resistance
lipogenesis stimulation
CAD

Question 22

ghrelin is a peptide hormone released primarily by

Answer 22

gastric mucosa

Question 23

ghrelin release is induced by

Answer 23

hypoglycemia
low body weight
empty stomach
high glucagon levels

Question 24

what tissues does ghrelin act on

Answer 24

hypothalamus
pituitary
pancrease
peripheral adipose tissue

Question 25

ghrelin actions on hypothalamus/pituitary

Answer 25

stimulate appetite
stimulates GH release

Question 26

ghrelin actions on GI

Answer 26

increase motility and gastric secretions to prepare for food

Question 27

ghrelin actions on pancreas

Answer 27

decreases insulin release to assist with glucose homeostasis

Question 28

ghrelin actions on adipose tissue

Answer 28

reduces glucose uptake
inhibits secretion of adiponectin
increases secretion of inflammatory cytokines

Question 29

ghrelin actions on liver

Answer 29

induces glucose production

Question 30

what type of drug is liraglutide

Answer 30

GLP-1 agonist

Question 31

liraglutide effects on gastric emptying

Answer 31

delays gastric emptying –> decreases ghrelin release

Question 32

liraglutide effects on leptin

Answer 32

increases leptin –> suppresses appetite

Question 33

liraglutide effects on adiponectin

Answer 33

increased caloric expenditure
increased insulin sensitivity

Question 34

liraglutide effects on resistin

Answer 34

lower inflammation levels