ADHD: Clinical Flashcards
ADHD
HYPERACTIVITY
- excessive motor activity issues w/staying still
IMPULSIVITY
- acting in response to immediate stimuli w/o risk consideration
INATTENTION
- sig difficulty in sustaining attention to tasks w/o high stimulation rewards
HYPERACTIVITY
- loud interactions
- anxiety
- sleeping problems
- hyper-fixation
- uncontrollable fidgeting
- sensory processing disorder
IMPULSIVITY
- poor impulse control
- mood swings
- difficulty maintaining relationships
- “all or nothing”
- trouble regulating emotions
INATTENTION
- poor sense of time
- auditory processing disorder
- inability to focus even w/o distractions
- trouble recalling common words
DSM-5: INATTENTION I
- fails to give close attention to details
- makes careless mistakes at work/school/events
- trouble holding attention on tasks/play activities
- doesn’t seem to listen when directly spoken to
- doesn’t follow through on instructions
- fails to finish schoolwork/chores/duties via focus loss/side-tracking
DSM-5: INATTENTION II
- trouble organising tasks/activities
- avoids/dislikes/reluctant to do tasks requiring mental effort over long time period (ie. schoolwork)
- loses things necessary for tasks (ie. school materials)
- easily distracted
- forgetful in daily activities
DSM-5: HYPERSENSITIVITY
- fidgeting (ie. tapping hands/feet; squirming)
- leaving seat in situation when remaining seated = expected
- runs about/climbs into inappropriate situations (adults limited to feeling restless)
- unable to play/take part in leisure activities quietly
DSM-5: IMPULSIVITY
- oft “on-the-go”; acting as if “driven by motor”
- talks excessively
- blurts out answer before question is completed
- trouble waiting their turn
- interrupts/intrudes on others (ie. butts into games/conversations)
- acts w/o thinking
- impatient
- uncomfortable doing things slowly
- difficult to resist temptations
ICD-11
- persistent (6M at least) I/H/I pattern w/direct negative impact on academic/occupational/social functioning
- evidence of sig symptoms prior to 12Y
- I//H/I degree = outside normal limits of age/IQ
ICD-11
- persistent (6M at least) I/H/I pattern w/direct negative impact on academic/occupational/social functioning
- evidence of sig symptoms prior to 12Y
- I//H/I degree = outside normal limits of age/IQ
- I/H/I balance varies across individuals/may change
- I/H/I must be present across multiple settings BUT likely to vary according to structure/demands
COMORBIDITY
KERIG ET AL. (2012)
DISRUPTIVE DISORDERS
- oppositional defiant
- aggression
- conduct issues
ANXIETY
DEPRESSION
NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
- autism
- intellectual disability
- developmental coordination disorder
ADHD & ASD
LEITNER (2014)
- DSM-5 said ADHD = exclusive criteria for ASD
- BUT now recognises both can co-exist
- studies suggest comorbidity rates range between 37-85% BUT more work is needed
ASD: OVERLAP
- hyperactivity/impulsivity present as:
1. difficulties waiting their turn
2. can’t sit still/constant fidgeting
3. excessive talking
4. interrupting conversations
5. acting w/o thinking
6. difficulties focusing/easily distracted
ASD: SOCIAL DIFFICULTIES
- social issues = NOT core diagnostic criteria
- BUT kids oft report “feeling different”
- fewer friends due to impulsivity/poor concentration/hyperactivity
- more likely to miss social cues
- harder to co-operate w/groups
- specific characteristics ie. bossy/argumentative/easily frustrated -> harder to develop/maintain friendships
CHILD FUNCTIONING
- cognitive (ie. learning difficulties; academic achievement)
- language (ie. speech issues; language development delays)
- motor development (ie. poor motor co-ordination)
- emotion (emotion regulation deficits; poor frustration tolerance)
- school performance (ie. poor grades; disruptive behaviour)
- task performance (ie. low persistence; response variability)
