ADHD Flashcards

(16 cards)

1
Q

What is ADHD?

A

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development

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2
Q

What is ICD10 criteria for ADHD?

A

Present before age 7

Evident in more than one setting (e.g. school and home)

Cause significant impairment in functioning

Not better explained by another disorder (e.g. anxiety, mood disorder)

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3
Q

Who is most commonly affected by ADHD?

A

Twice as common in boys

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4
Q

What causes ADHD?

A

Genetic
Pregnancy-related factors (maternal smoking, premature birth and low birth weight)
Environmental factors

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5
Q

If a child displays symptoms at school but calm at home what does this suggest?

A

Not ADHD

Environmental effect

Symptoms should be consistent across settings

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6
Q

What are the features of ADHD?

A

Short attention span
Distracted easily
Moves quickly between activities
Fidgeting
Impulsive
Loses interest quickly

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7
Q

What test can be used to support referral?

A

Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS)

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8
Q

What managing strategies are used for parents?

A

Positive approach
Structured routines
Clear boundaries
Plenty of physical activity
Healthy diet (foods can exacerbate symptoms)

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9
Q

How do ADHD medications work?

A

Central nervous system stimulants

Makes up executive function deficits e.g. to increase inhibition

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10
Q

What needs to be monitored when using ADHD medications?

A

Heart rate
BP
Weight
Mood changes

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11
Q

Why are girls with ADHD harder to diagnose?

A

Display less symptoms

Less impulsive
Fidget less

More likely to just lose attention or interest

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12
Q

What are some co-occurring disorders with ADHD?

A
  • Oppositional defiant disorder
  • Conduct disorder
  • Substance abuse
  • Mood disorders e.g. depression and mania
  • Autism
  • Dyslexia
  • Dyscalculia
  • Dyspraxia
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13
Q

How is ADHD diagnosed?

A

ICD-11
Symptoms of inattention and or hyperactivity/impulsivity
- Before 12
- Occurred in two or more settings
- Present for at least 6 months
- Clearly interferes with or reduces quality of social, academic or occupational functioning
- Symptoms not caused by another mental disorder or due to a substance

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14
Q

Give examples of hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms

A
  • Excessive motor activity, discomfort with being quiet or sitting still
  • Difficulty engaging in activities quietly, talks too much
  • Blurts out answers in school, comments at work, difficulty waiting turn in conversation, games or activities, interrupts conversations or games
  • Tendency to respond to immediate stimuli without deliberation or consideration of risks and consequences e.g. reckless driving
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15
Q

How is ADHD treated?

A

CBT

lisdexamphetamine/dexamphetamine or methylphenidate first line

If 6 week trial shows no response
Atomoxetine

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16
Q

What needs to be monitored in ADHD?

A
  • Height and weight
  • HR and BP, compare with normal range for age before and after each dose change and every 6 months
  • Tics- consider risk/benefit, reduce dose (consider atomoxetine)
  • Sexual dysfunction with atomoxetine
  • Seizures
  • Sleep
  • Worsening behaviour
  • Stimulant diversion