Additional Peds Info (OTH) Flashcards
What are the three properties of movement
- Structure
- Function
- Purpose
Structure
Bones, muscles, joints, and neural mechanisims
Functions
Structure determine what functions are possible.
Development of certain functions can promote a change in sturcture (ie. dancer)
Purpose
Volition- an intentional action toward an outcome.
The structure of the hand, allow for the function of a tripod grasp, which allows for the purpose of drawing.
Function & Purpose
The relationship btw function and purpose of movement is influences by a child’s motivation to motivation to move and adapt movement.
BOTH intrinsic and extrinsic motivation influence movement
Holding function
holding position in space
Facilitating Function
anti-gravity movement- the desire to move away from the static surface.
(start pulling off the surface, head righting, bridging, sitting)
Challenge function
Move against gravity, increase level of difficulty to progress in function.
(away from gravity now required to move and explore)
Interactive Function
Using enviornmental factors to further progress, master, and advance.
(true function, playing and eating)
Adaption
A dynamic process that expands the childs reperitore of both movements and activities.
Allows complex movements to evolve.
Three properties of Adaptation
- Sensorimotor (explore)
- Developmental nature of adaptation (attempt)
- Purposeful nature of adaptation (practice, repeate)
Sensorimotor : Assimilation
Gathering infotmation : watch observe
Sensorimotor : Accommodation
Take and make motor responses : try action
Sensorimotor: Association
Linking and comparing to prior events : learn from mistakes
Sensorimotor : Differentiation
Taking parts of motor actions and putting back together to create new motor goals : motor planing, mastery
Developmental nature of adaptation
Sequential maturation of CNS characterized by predictable patters (cephalo-caudal, proximal-distal)
Purposeful Nature of Adaptation
humans seek and interact w/ enviornmamental events : watch and decide they want to attempt of learn something.
3 sequences of motor development
- Movement componenets/muscle functions (mobility/stability)
- Reflexes and reactions
- Postural control and movement patterns.
Muscle functions : Mobility
Characterized by quick initation, wide range of motion and fast speed.
First to develop
Activiation in undifferentiated way; generally through complete range.
Associated w/ phasic reflexes and righting reactions
Muscle Functions : Stability
Movements that maintain the position of the body against gravity and keep the range of movement in check so posture can be held.
Develops after mobility .
Muscle Functions : Combined mobility/stability
Mobility superimposed on stability to hold a position and move it within a range of that position (ie. 4 pt. position w/ oscillations)
Mobility is at midline; proximal or distal joints are stabalized.
Muscles Functions: Blended mobility/stability
Intergrated mobility and stability - child can maintain posture and also freely move w/in positiong or from one postion to another while maintaning orientation of the head and trunk.
Allows extremities to move freely in space.
Reflexes and Reactions
Neurological mechanisims which allow predictable patterns of posture and or movements.
Distribute postural tone.
Both reflexs and reactions are intergrated and adapted.
Primative Reflexes
Extero, intero and propioceptive stimuli and produce an observable movement.
Can survive survivial or protective functions
Or be posture assumed respibse to head or trunk position
Vertical Righting
Active muscle groups that move midline of body into alignment with the center of gravity
Head is horizontal to supporting surface
Rotational RIghting
Response in reltion to movement of the head or segment of the body
Activate muscles to move body segments around centeral axis of body so segments aline
Support reactions
Elicited when “support” parts of the body come in contact with the supporting surface.
Results in coactivation of muscles of extremity and or trunk.
Elicited when hand, foot, butt come in contact w/ supporting surface (stepping & placing reflexes)
Protective Reactions
Allow seeking or returning to base of support to sequence movement flow or to protect when enviornmental demands are excessive.
Midline stability reactions
used by the child to maintain vertical postures
midline reactions control posutral adjustments w/in confined areas related to center of gravity.
Allow us to move in and out of midline
Equlibrium reactions
Compensatory movements use to regain midline stability when alignment of midline w. gravity is significantly disturbed
4 Postural Control and Movement Patterns
- Weight bearing (support)
- Bilateral weight shift
- Unilateral wright shit
- Contralateral weight shift (crawling, reciprical movement)
Weight Bearing
Allows maintenance of position in space, supported on a specific part of the extremities or trunk
Child bears weight in position before they move**
Bilateral Weight Shift
Movement forward or backward or up or down, using arms and legs to weight shift from upper to lower parts of the body.
Flexion and extension are primary components
Unilateral Weight Shift
Shifting to one side of midline and freeing the other side for movement.
Chalenges the COG & starts developing receprical mobility.
Contralateral Weight Shift
Rotation w/in the body axis
Allows one body segment to rotate in one direction while the adjacent segment rotates in the opposite direction.
