Adaptive Immune System Flashcards
Difference between adaptive and innate
Adaptive slower response,
Cell mediated and humoral
Main components of adaptive system
Specific and memory
Branches
Humoral - B cells
Cell mediated - T cells
B cells
Produced in bone marrow
Type of white blood cell
Produces antibodies
Presents antigens
Cytokine secretion
Immunoglobulin
Bind to antigen
Specifity
Different class= different function
Immunoglobulin structures
Y shaped proteins
4 polypeptide chain
Held bu disulfude bonds
Contant portion same
Hypervariable changes between each structure
2 light chain and 2 heavy
Symmetrical
IgG
Major blood components
Complement fixation
Opsonin
Placental transfer
Y shaped
IgM
Large
Pentameric
First line of defence
Effective agglutinator
Fixes complement
Expressed on B surface cell
IgA
Serum monomer
Secreted dimer
Second most prevalent
Secretory piece added as it passes through epitheilial cells
Protects external surfaces
IgD
Unstable in serum
Unknown function
Expressed on B surface cell
IgE
Provide immunity against parasites
Essential role in hypersensitivity
Role in immune system recognition of cancer
Complete sentence
Immune system identifies &
Neutralises foreign objects
Different antigen
Hypervariability region = different variant
Antibody antigen binding inactivation
Blocking of viral binding sites
Agglutination of particular antigens
Precipitation of soluble antigens
Activation of complement proteins
Role of b cells
Clonal selection & expansion
Clonal selection and expansion
CORRECT TYPE OF ANTIBODY FOR CORRECT INFECTION
Corect cell proliferates, new cells have specificity for different antigen (Clonal selection)
Antigen with specific Ig stimulates into cell division
T cells
Made in thymus
MHC
Major Histocompability complex
Role of MHC
Allows T cells to bind to antigen
CD8
Cytotoxic killer
Expressed on cell surface
Destroy virally infected cells and tumour
Cell mediated immunity
Implicated in transplant rejection & autoimmune disease
CD4
Helper T cells central to immune response & regulation
Secrete cytokines
Activate immune cells
MHC Class 1
Antigen recognition to CD8
Polymorphic
Shown on ALL nucleated cells
MHC Class II
(2)
Antigen recognition for CD4 cells
Restricted expression
Antigen presentation
MHC cells needed THEREFORE cell mediated
Cytokines signal B cells
What cells are antigen presenting
Dendritic
B CELLS
MACROPHAGES
Immunological memory
Antigen binding to receptor on B lymphocytes
Memory B cells clone & expand
FASTER RESPONSE
Live vaccine
Viable but weak
Inactivated
Grown in culture and killed
Subunit
Small portion of antigen
Toxoid
Inactivated toxins for bacterial infections
Mrna
Covid 19 make spike proteins in lab and transfer in human cells to make antibodies
Ideal vaccine properties
Safety
Price
Stability
Ease administration
