Adaptive Immune System

Question 1

Difference between adaptive and innate

Answer 1

Adaptive slower response,
Cell mediated and humoral

Question 2

Main components of adaptive system

Answer 2

Specific and memory

Question 3

Branches

Answer 3

Humoral - B cells
Cell mediated - T cells

Question 4

B cells

Answer 4

Produced in bone marrow
Type of white blood cell
Produces antibodies
Presents antigens
Cytokine secretion

Question 5

Immunoglobulin

Answer 5

Bind to antigen

Question 6

Specifity

Answer 6

Different class= different function

Question 7

Immunoglobulin structures

Answer 7

Y shaped proteins
4 polypeptide chain
Held bu disulfude bonds
Contant portion same
Hypervariable changes between each structure
2 light chain and 2 heavy
Symmetrical

Question 8

IgG

Answer 8

Major blood components
Complement fixation
Opsonin
Placental transfer
Y shaped

Question 9

IgM

Answer 9

Large
Pentameric
First line of defence
Effective agglutinator
Fixes complement
Expressed on B surface cell

Question 10

IgA

Answer 10

Serum monomer
Secreted dimer
Second most prevalent
Secretory piece added as it passes through epitheilial cells
Protects external surfaces

Question 11

IgD

Answer 11

Unstable in serum
Unknown function
Expressed on B surface cell

Question 12

IgE

Answer 12

Provide immunity against parasites
Essential role in hypersensitivity
Role in immune system recognition of cancer

Question 13

Complete sentence
Immune system identifies &

Answer 13

Neutralises foreign objects

Question 14

Different antigen

Answer 14

Hypervariability region = different variant

Question 15

Antibody antigen binding inactivation

Answer 15

Blocking of viral binding sites
Agglutination of particular antigens
Precipitation of soluble antigens
Activation of complement proteins

Question 16

Role of b cells

Answer 16

Clonal selection & expansion

Question 17

Clonal selection and expansion

Answer 17

CORRECT TYPE OF ANTIBODY FOR CORRECT INFECTION

Corect cell proliferates, new cells have specificity for different antigen (Clonal selection)

Antigen with specific Ig stimulates into cell division

Question 18

T cells

Answer 18

Made in thymus

Question 19

MHC

Answer 19

Major Histocompability complex

Question 20

Role of MHC

Answer 20

Allows T cells to bind to antigen

Question 21

CD8

Answer 21

Cytotoxic killer
Expressed on cell surface
Destroy virally infected cells and tumour
Cell mediated immunity
Implicated in transplant rejection & autoimmune disease

Question 22

CD4

Answer 22

Helper T cells central to immune response & regulation
Secrete cytokines
Activate immune cells

Question 23

MHC Class 1

Answer 23

Antigen recognition to CD8
Polymorphic
Shown on ALL nucleated cells

Question 24

MHC Class II
(2)

Answer 24

Antigen recognition for CD4 cells
Restricted expression

Question 25

Antigen presentation

Answer 25

MHC cells needed THEREFORE cell mediated
Cytokines signal B cells

Question 26

What cells are antigen presenting

Answer 26

Dendritic
B CELLS
MACROPHAGES

Question 27

Immunological memory

Answer 27

Antigen binding to receptor on B lymphocytes
Memory B cells clone & expand
FASTER RESPONSE

Question 28

Live vaccine

Answer 28

Viable but weak

Question 29

Inactivated

Answer 29

Grown in culture and killed

Question 30

Subunit

Answer 30

Small portion of antigen

Question 31

Toxoid

Answer 31

Inactivated toxins for bacterial infections

Question 32

Mrna

Answer 32

Covid 19 make spike proteins in lab and transfer in human cells to make antibodies

Question 33

Ideal vaccine properties

Answer 33

Safety
Price
Stability
Ease administration