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Biological Psychology > Acute Pain > Flashcards

Acute Pain Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens when a stimuli causes tissue damage

A

Nociceptors become activated

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2
Q

What’s the first thing Ab fibers do

A

They’re the first to recognise and localise the pain

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3
Q

Are ab fibers myelinated

A

Yes

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4
Q

What is does myelinated mean

A

The nerve is coated with myelin sheath

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5
Q

What kind of stimuli activate AB fibers

A

Mechanical and thermal

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6
Q

What speed are C fibres and are they myelinated

A

Slow and not myelinated

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7
Q

What stimuli activates C fibers

A

Chemical

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8
Q

Are AB fibers involved with modulation of pain

A

Yes

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9
Q

What nervous system do the pain signal get sent to

A

The spinal cord

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10
Q

Where do pain signals have to go through to get to the correct nervous system

A

Through the spinal ganglion

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11
Q

What is the simplified version of the pain pathway

A
  1. Periphery gets disrupted by stimulus
  2. Gets sent through spinal cord to posterior horn or anterolateral system
  3. Then gets sent to the cortex
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12
Q

What fibers contribute to the modulation of pain

A

Ab

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13
Q

Where do sensory afferents synapse

A

In specific laminae of grey matter in the posterior horn of the spinal cord

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14
Q

What are the different laminae where sensory afferents synapse

A

I,II,V

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15
Q

What do Wide Dynamic Range neurons do

A

They receive dynamic input from all types of sensory fibers

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16
Q

What kind of information do wide dynamic range neurons encode

A

They can encode a wide range of painful and non-painful stimuli

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17
Q

Where is inflammatory soup activated

A

In the periphery

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18
Q

What fiber does inflammatory soup activate

A

Fibre C, because it’s caused by a chemical reaction

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19
Q

What is inside of a inflammatory soup

A

Mast cells, Substance P CGRP, neuropeptides, serotonin prostaglandins, potassium, histamine, Bradykinin

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20
Q

What happens when a inflammatory is soup produced

A

Vasodilation, swelling, increase in white blood cells

21
Q

Where do nociceptors and wide dynamic range neurons cross over when ascending to the anterolateral system

A

In the anterior white commissure of the spinal cord

22
Q

Where does the Spinothalamic tract carry fibres to

A

thalamus then sent to the cortical pain matrix

23
Q

What does the spinothalamic tract allow

A

It allows for the conscious experience of pain

24
Q

Where does the Spinohypothalamic tract take fibers

A

They are projected into the hypothalamus

25
Q

When the spinohypothalamic tract projects the fibers to the correct place, what happens

A

It creates the response to pain, e.g. increase in Heart rate, nausea

26
Q

Where does the Spinomesencephalic send fibers

A

To the periaqueductal gray in the midbrain

27
Q

What happens when the spinomesencephalic tract realised the fibers into the correct area

A

Downstream influences other brain systems that modulate pain

28
Q

Where does the Spinoreticular tact send fibers

A

To the brainstem nuclei of the reticular formation including: Serotonergic Rahpe nuclei & Noradrenergic locus ceruleus

29
Q

What is the job of the spinoreticular tract

A

Modulating pain

30
Q

What are the 4 tracts that branch off of the anterolateral system

A

Spinothalamic tract, spinohypthalamic tract, spinomescencephalic tract, spinorecticular tract

31
Q

Why do some fibers branch off through your the brainstem in the anterolateral system

A

To modulate pain

32
Q

What are the 2 pain systems in the cortical regions

A

Lateral pain system, medial pain system

33
Q

What areas of the brain does the lateral pain system use

A

Thalamus, somatosensory cortex, posterior parietal, somatosensory area (secondary somatosensory area)

34
Q

What parts of the brain does the medial pain system use

A

Hypothalamus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex

35
Q

What does the medial pain system produce

A

The suffering of pain, “ouch”

36
Q

Where in the pain pathway does all modulating signals relay back to

A

The posterior horn of the spinal cord

37
Q

What are the 3 major mechanisms for pain modulation

A

Gate control theory, descending pathways, endogenous opioid system

38
Q

What happens in the gate theory

A

When a painful area is rubbed, AB fibres are released to the dorsal horn, preventing the correct pain fibre to get there, reducing the pain

39
Q

What are the 4 descending pathways

A

Cortical pain matrix, periaqueductal gray, locus ceruleus, raphe nuclei

40
Q

What happens in the cortical pain matrix

A

Where the feeling of pain occurs, creates the response to pain

41
Q

What is the periaqueductal gray

A

controls descending fiber projections to the raphe nuclei

42
Q

What is the locus ceruleus and what does it contain

A

It contains norepinephrine neurons and modulates incoming pain, can fluctuate in usage

43
Q

What does the raphe nuclei contain and what is it for

A

It contains serotonin and it’s job is to realise it into the brain and modulates pain

44
Q

What are enkephalins

A

It is realised by the raphe nuclei and it inhibits the pain sensation

45
Q

What is the endogenous opioid system

A

It is a pain relieving system

46
Q

Where are opioid receptors found

A

The pain matrix, descending pathways, posterior horn of the spinal cord and peripheral nerves

47
Q

What are opioid receptors and what do they do

A

They’re pain killers and they Stops pain

48
Q

What effect do opioid receptors have on a presynaptic neuron

A

They close Calcium channels and open potassium channels

Within the neuron, reducing pain transmission neurons and realise good neurotransmitters

Biological Psychology (19 decks)

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