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Intro to Sonography > Acute or Emergent Situations > Flashcards

Acute or Emergent Situations Flashcards

1
Q

What symptoms do accident victims have?

A

fainting, trembling, vomiting

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2
Q

What is shock?

A

failure of circulation that results in inadequate oxygen to tissues, drop in BP and increase in pulse

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3
Q

What are the types of shock?

A

hypovolemic, septic, neurogenic, cardiogenic, allergic or anaphylaxis, syncope

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4
Q

What is hypovolemic shock?

A

caused by significant blood loss

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5
Q

What is septic shock?

A

results from massive infection

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6
Q

What is neurogenic shock?

A

lack of blood to brain

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7
Q

What is cardiogenic shock?

A

cardiac failure, not enough blood being pumped to body

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8
Q

What is anaphylaxis shock?

A

severe allergic reaction, caused by contrast media or food

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9
Q

What is syncope?

A

fainting, a mild form of shock

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10
Q

What are symptoms of shock?

A

-restlessness
-increase in pulse
-sweating
-pallor
-weakness
-tunnel vision
-cold clammy skin
-decreased BP

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11
Q

What should you do when you suspect shock during an exam?

A

-stop procedure
-protect pt from falling
-elevate pt feet
-get help
-roll pt on side
-check breathing, pulse, BP
-cold compress on head
-be ready to peform CPR

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12
Q

What should you do in life threatening emergencies?

A
  1. seek immediate assistance
  2. call code if necessary
  3. initiate CPR until help arrives
  4. know location of crash cart, defib, BP cuff
  5. remain calm
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13
Q

What are the 4 levels of consciousness?

A
  1. alert and conscious
  2. drowsy but responsive
  3. unconscious, but react to pain
  4. comatose
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14
Q

What is a concussion?

A

traumatic brain injury

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15
Q

What are signs of a serious spinal injury?

A

-extreme back pain or pressure in neck, head, back
-weakness, incoordination or paralysis in any part of body
-numbness, tingling or loss of sensation in hands, fingers, feet, toes
-loss of bladder or bowel control

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16
Q

Before being moved with a spinal injury, what needs to happen?

A

needs evaluated by physcian

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17
Q

What are the type of fractures?

A

compound, closed, greenstick, transverse, overriding, comminuted, spiral, compression, depressed

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18
Q

What is a compound fracture?

A

ends of bone forced through skin

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19
Q

What is a closed fracture?

A

no break in skin

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20
Q

What are typical behaviors of choking vitctims?

A

-become agitated
-cannot speak
-may use universal choking sign

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21
Q

When do you use the Heimlich Maneuver?

A

when someone is choking

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22
Q

What is a CVA?

A

cerebrovascular accident
aka stroke

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23
Q

What is a CVA caused by?

A

caused by rupture or occlusion of a cerebral artery

24
Q

What are the symptoms of a CVA?

A

-slurred or labored speech
-severe headache
-muscle weakness
-visual disturbances
-loss of consciousness

25
Q

What is a TIA?

A

transient ischemic attack

26
Q

How long does a TIA last?

A

minutes to hours

27
Q

What is a seizure?

A

uncontrollable contractions in muscles and non responsiveness

28
Q

What can cause seizures?

A

response to drug sensitivity, infection, epilepsy, head injury, hypoglycemia, alcohol/drug use, tumor, fever

29
Q

What should you do when pt is having a seizure?

A

-keep pt safe as possible
-assist pt to lie down
-remove hazardous objects
-nothing in pt mouth
-do not restrain pt
-roll pt on side

30
Q

What is asthma?

A

difficulty breathing caused by bronchospasm

31
Q

What is acute asthma treated with?

A

fast acting inhaler (red)

32
Q

What maintenance med is used to treat asthma?

A

nebulizer with inhaled medications

33
Q

What is wound dehiscence?

A

sutures giving way

34
Q

When does wound dehiscence occur?

A

when infection weakens the tissues or after sudden strain (fall, coughing, vomiting)

35
Q

What is diabetes?

A

inability to metabolize blood glucose, pancreas does not produce enough insulin

36
Q

What is hyperglycemia?

A

high blood sugar (slow onset)

37
Q

What is hypoglycemia?

A

low blood sugar (rapid onset)

38
Q

What are signs are hypoglycemia?

A

-weakness/fainting
-slurred speech
-sweating
-tremors
-hunger
-rapid pulse/palpitations
-confusion/loss of consciousness

39
Q

Code red

A

fire

40
Q

code blue

A

cardiac or respiratory arrest / medical emergency

41
Q

code black

A

bomb threat

42
Q

code silver

A

person with weapon/hostage situation

43
Q

code orange

A

chemical spill/leak

44
Q

code brown

A

missing adult pt

45
Q

code gray

A

severe weather

46
Q

code yellow

A

external disaster

47
Q

code assist

A

ill or injured person

48
Q

code pink

A

pediatric pt with cardiac arrest

49
Q

code adam

A

infant/child abduction

50
Q

code EVAC

A

evacuation all or part of facility

51
Q

What components does fire need to burn?

A

flammable substance, oxygen, heat

52
Q

What are hospital fires caused by?

A

-spontaneous combustion/chemicals
-open flames
-smoking
-electrical failures

53
Q

What is R.A.C.E.

A

R.escue people in immediate danger
A.larm, sound the alarm
C.onfine, shut door/window
E.vacuate and Extinguish fire if small

54
Q

What is PASS?

A

Pull the pin, Aim the nozzle, Squeeze the handle, Sweep

(fire extinguisher)

55
Q
A

Intro to Sonography (8 decks)

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