Acute lung injury Flashcards

1
Q

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Cause:

A
  • lack of surfactant production by type 2 pneumocytes in immature lungs
  • cuboidal cells dont become pneumocytes during the Terminal Sac phase
  • diabetic mothers/insulin
  • C section
  • Greatest risk at pre 28 weeks
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2
Q

NRDS Histo

A

hyaline membrane in alveolar sacs

-leaked proteins

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3
Q

NRDS presentation

A
  • labored breathing
  • cyanosis
  • tachypnea
  • NOSTRIL FLARE
  • CXR ground glass
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4
Q

NRDS treatment

A
  • Prolong labor
  • Steroids
  • Vent (VEGF can be inhibited by the ventilator, once off VEGF cause causing a retinopathy :Retro lental fibroplasia)
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5
Q

Pulmonary Edema Cause

A
  • leakage of interstitial fluid in alveolar space
  • ->decreased diffusing capacity and compliance
  • Heart failure–> Increased hydrostatic pressure
  • Decreased oncotic pressure
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6
Q

Pulm edema: Histo

A
  • congested alveolar
  • Heart failure cell (hemosiderin laden m*)
  • Kerleys B line on CXR (cardiogenic)
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7
Q

Pulm edema: Presentation

A

SOB, tachypnea, tachycardia

  • frothy sputum
  • Rales
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8
Q

Pulm edema: Assocatied with

A

L side heart failure

  • Low protein state
  • lymphodema
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9
Q

Acute interstitial pneumonia: cause

A

unknown

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10
Q

Acute interstitial pneumonia: histo

A

Endothelial activation:Necrosis–>Hyaline membrane in alveoli –> decreased compliance, and diffusion

  • sudden idiopathic onset
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11
Q

Microvascular injury Edema

A

Exudate in the alveoli.

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12
Q

Acute respiratory Distress

A
  • Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD)
  • hylanized membrane
  • 0-3 days = edema
  • 1-10 days = hyaline
  • 3 days = fibrosis starts, by day 7 its organizing (irreversible)
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