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History: African Americans > Activists > Flashcards

Activists Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Ida B. Wells’ aim?

A
  1. Expose lynching

2. Women’s rights activist

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2
Q

What were the positives of Wells’ campaign?

A
  1. One of the founders of the NAACP (long term impact)
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3
Q

What were the negative aspects of Wells’ campaign?

A
  1. Mostly only had a short term impact

2. Not accomodationist so less people willing to listen & cooperate with her

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4
Q

What did Homer Plessy do?

A
  1. Protested against violation of his 13th and 14th Amendment rights
  2. Refused to give up seat in carriage
  3. Led to Plessy vs. Ferguson case
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5
Q

What was the impact of Plessy’s court case?

A
  1. ‘Separate by equal ruling’
  2. Legalised segregation
  3. Ruling may have inspired formation of NAACP, along with the Niagara Movement
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6
Q

What did Frederick Douglass campaign for?

A
  1. Equal citizenship and freedom for all slaves
  2. Wanted AAs to have the right to vote
  3. Denounced lynching, disfranchisement and segregation in his newspaper ‘The North Star’
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7
Q

What impact did Douglass have?

A
  1. Played a role in AAs gaining the vote (long term)

2. Wasn’t able to have much of an impact due to attitudes during the period.

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8
Q

What did Booker T. Washington do?

A
  1. Encouraged and trained AAs to be economically independent
  2. Tried to move AAs away from sharecropping
  3. Founded the Tuskegee Institute to achieve his aims
  4. Atlanta Compromise
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9
Q

What impact did Washington have?

A
  1. Acquiescence lost him support
  2. Fought with NAACP and Niagara Movement. Therefore, CR movement left disjointed and was less effective
  3. Influenced others and was similar to MLK
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10
Q

When was the Tuskegee Institute founded?

A

1881

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11
Q

What was the Atlanta Compromise?

A

A deal that stated that AAs would not challenge racist behaviour or get the right to vote as long as they received basic education. Many other leaders had serious problems with Washington’s proposal.

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12
Q

How was Washington similar to Martin Luther King Jr?

A
  1. They were both criticised for working with white supporters
  2. Both criticised by more radical movements
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13
Q

What did W.E.B Du Bois do?

A
  1. Was an advocate of Pan-Africanism
  2. Founded the Niagara Movement
  3. Disagreed with Washington
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14
Q

When was the Niagara Movement founded?

A

1905

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15
Q

What is Pan-Africanism?

A

The political union of native Africans

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16
Q

How was Du Bois similar to Garvey?

A

Both were advocates of Pan-Africanism but Garvey was more radical

17
Q

How was Du Bois similar to King?

A

Du Bois disagreed with Washington, which is similar to the divisions between MLK and the Black Power movement.

18
Q

What impact did Du Bois have?

A
  1. Niagara Movement pressed for more radical change (short-lived)
  2. Alienated workers due to belief that an elite group should lead AAs to equality
19
Q

What did Marcus Garvey do?

A
  1. Was an advocate for the complete separation of AAs and whites
20
Q

How did Garvey go about achieving his aims?

A
  1. Black Star Line in 1919: intended to trade with Africans worldwide
  2. Universal Negro Improvement Association in 1914 (UNIA) dedicated to promoting black pride and economic self-sufficiency
21
Q

What impact did Garvey have?

A
  1. Financially impossible for most AAs to return to Africa like he encouraged- alienated support
  2. Had large number of followers but was unable to implement reform
22
Q

How were Garvey and Malcolm X similar?

A
  1. Both were advocates of Black Pride
23
Q

How was Garvey similar to Washington?

A
  1. Both recognised the importance of AA economic development
24
Q

What did Martin Luther King Jr. do?

A
  1. Was an advocate for equality and integration
  2. Wanted white cooperation
  3. Formed Southern Christian Leadership Conference
  4. One of the only leaders to achieve significant reform
25
Q

What impact did King have?

A
  1. March on Washington led to Civil Rights Act the following year (long term)
  2. Did not achieve higher level of awareness among AAs, unlike Garvey and Malcolm X
  3. Criticised by some for working with white supporters and president.
26
Q

How was King similar to Washington?

A
  1. Both took a non-violent approach.

2. Their form of leadership led to the emergence of more radical leaders

27
Q

When was the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) formed?

A

1957

28
Q

What did the SCLC do?

A

It aimed to unite Southern churches in order to progress the civil rights movement in the South. White supremacists found it difficult to attack group because of its Christian background.

29
Q

What did Malcolm X do?

A
  1. Advocated the use of violence to gain equality

2. Promoted pride and identity among AAs

30
Q

What impact did Malcolm X have?

A
  1. Huge influence on the Black Power movement (long term)

2. Had a less coherent strategy so was not as effective as MLK

History: African Americans (10 decks)

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