Acne Vulgaris Flashcards
What is acne vulgaris?
Obstruction of sebaceous follicles with keratin plugs which results in comedones, inflammation and pustules
What is the pathophysiology of acne vulgaris?
- Follicular epidermal hyperproliferation results in keratin plus which blocks sebaceous follicle
- Activity of sebaceous gland controlled by androgens, increases production of sebum
- colonisation by anaerobic bacterium p.acnes
- inflammation
What are the different types of acne lesions?
- Closed comedones (white heads)
- Open comedones
- Papules
- Pustules
- Nodules
- Cysts
Describe mild acne
*Open and closed comedones with or without sparse inflammatory lesions
Describe moderate acne
Widespread non-inflammatory lesions and numerous papules and pustules
Describe severe acne
Extensive inflammatory lesions, which may include nodules, pitting and scarring
What topical treatments can be given for acne?
- Topical antibiotic
- Benzoyl peroxide
- Topical retinoid
What oral antibiotics are given for acne? Contraindicated in?
Tetracycline: lymecycline, doxycycline
Contraindicated in: pregnancy/breastfeeding and children younger than 12 years
What oral antibiotic can be used in pregnancy for acne?
Erythromycin
How long should an oral antibiotic be trialled before it takes affect on acne?
3 months
What is an alternative oral medication to antibiotics only for women with acne?
COCP
What is the final line for acne vulgaris management? What is contraindicated?
- Isotretinoin
* Contraindicated in pregnancy -must be on pill to take
