Acne

Question 1

What is acne ?

Answer 1

A skin condition characterised by red pimples on the skin especially on the face due to inflammation or infected sebaceous glands

Question 2

How many and what types of acne are there ?

Answer 2

-blackhead (comedones that are open at the surface of the skin / filled with excess oil and dead skin cells)
-Whitehead (comedones that stay closed at the surface of the skin / oil and skin cells prevent clogged hair follicle from opening)
-Papules (comedones that become inflamed, forming small red or pink bumps on the skin)
-pustules (resemble Whitehead with a red ring around the bump)
-nodules (large, inflamed bumps that feel firm to the touch / painful)
-cysts (large, pus-filledlesions that look similar to boils)

Question 3

3 Types of severity of acne

Answer 3

-mild acne (fewer than 20 whiteheads / blackheads, fewer than 15 inflamed bumps, fewer than 30 lesions)
-moderate acne (20-100 whiteheads or blackheads, 15-50 inflamed bumps, 30-125 lesions)
-severe nodulocystic acne (multiple whiteheads / blackheads, inflamed bumps, lesions)

Question 4

What are the signs and symptoms of acne ?

Answer 4

-raised lesion
-raised lesion with pus
-clogged pores
-nodules filled with pus and fluid

Question 5

What is the pathogenesis of acne

Answer 5

-overproduction of sebum caused acne
-hair follicles in the skin contain sebaceous glands (sebum)
-hormones Stimulates sebaceous glands to create more sebum
-when thesebum trap, it allows bacteria Proprionibacterium acnes to grow inside follicle and form comedone (blackhead or whitehead)
-when pore is clogged and immune system reacts by sending wbc to fight infection, the surrounding became red and swollen

Question 6

Causes of acne

Answer 6

-excess oil production of the skin
-hair follicles clogged
-bacteria propionibacterium
-excess activity of hormone androgen

Question 7

Risk factors of acne

Answer 7

-age
-hormonal changes
-family history
-greasy or oil substances
-pressure on your skin
-stress

Question 8

Give non-pharmacological treatment

Answer 8

-gentle cleansing
-don’t scrub the skin
-don’t pop or squeeze the pimple
-don’t unnecessarily touch face with hands
-balance diet
-drink plenty of water

Question 9

What are the 10 most prescribed acne medications (pharmacological) ?

Answer 9

• Tretinoin
• Isotretinoin
• Clindamycin
• Minocycline
• Adapalene
• Clindamycin phosphate
• Doxycycline
• Benzoyl peroxide
• Tarazotene
• Tetracycline

Question 10

How to prevent acne ?

Answer 10

-manage stress
-moisturize facial skin
-take enough water
-keep skin hygiene (wash face 2 times daily)
-uses non-comedonegenic skincare
-don’t pop pimples

Question 11

What are the complications of acne ?

Answer 11

-depression
-hyperpigmentation
-scarring
-skin cancer