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a level chemistry > acids and redox > Flashcards

acids and redox Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the formula for hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

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2
Q

what is the formula for sulphuric acid?

A

H2SO4

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3
Q

what is the formula for nitric acid?

A

HNO3

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4
Q

what is the formula for ethanoic acid?

A

CH3COOH

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5
Q

what is the formula for sodium hydroxide?

A

NaOH

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6
Q

what is the formula for potassium hydroxide?

A

KOH

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7
Q

what is the formula for ammonia?

A

NH3

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8
Q

what are acids?

A

proton donors as they dissociate in water to release H+ ions.

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9
Q

what are alkalis?

A

proton accepters that dissociate to release OH- ions in water

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10
Q

what makes an acid strong or weak?

A

a strong acid will dissociate more fully and release more H+ ions.

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11
Q

acid + metal oxide ->?

A

salt + water

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12
Q

acid + alkali ->?

A

salt + water

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13
Q

what is neutralisation?

A

the reaction of H+ and OH- to form H20

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14
Q

acid + metal carbonate ->?

A

salt + water + CO2

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15
Q

what is the procedure for acid-base titrations?

A
  1. burette containing standard solution with initial volume recorded
  2. add known volume of other solution to a flask using volumetric pipette
  3. add small amount of indicator
  4. titrate slowly until indicator changes colour
  5. record final volume
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16
Q

what colour is methyl orange?

A 
acid = red
base = yellow
17
Q

what colour is phenolphthalein?

A 
acid = colourless
base = pink
18
Q

how do you do titration calculations?

A
  1. calculate the amount of standard solution that reacted
  2. deduce the amount of unknown solution
  3. calculate the concentration using the amount and volume used
19
Q

what are the rules about oxidation numbers?

A
  1. uncombined elements are 0
  2. the sum of the no’s in a compound is 0
  3. the sum in an ion = charge of that ion
  4. group 1,2,3 are +1,2,3
  5. fluorine is always -1
  6. hydrogen is usually +1
  7. oxygen is usually -2
  8. chlorine is usually -1
20
Q

what is oxidation?

A

the loss of electrons and increase in oxidation no.

21
Q

what is reduction?

A

the gain of electrons and decrease in oxidation no.

a level chemistry (16 decks)

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