acids and bases Flashcards
what are acids and bases
Acids and Bases are two classes of chemicals.
Acid - Compound that releases H+ (Hydrogen Ions) when dissolved in water.
Base - Compound that produces OH- (Hydroxide Ions) when dissolved in water.
Acids and Bases can be classified by their properties.
what are some common acids
Common Acids:
Hydrochloric Acid - HCl
Sulphuric Acid - H2SO4
Nitric Acid - HNO3
what are the two types of acids
Two Main Groups of Acids
Binary - Have H in front of the name, 2 elements
Oxyacids - Contain Oxygen, more than 2 elements (polyatomic compounds are oxyacids)
do metals react with acids
Many metals react with acids. When this occurs, metal fizzes and bubbles are produced.
what are bases usually
Bases - Substances that neutralize acids.
Bases are usually:
Metal Hydroxides - Contain OH
Metal Oxides - Contain O
Metal Carbonates - Contain CO2
what is the general equation for neutralization reactions
General Equation for Neutralization Reactions:
Acid + Base ⟶ Ionic Salt + Water
what are some characteristics of bases
Characteristics of Bases: Strong bases can irritate/burn skin Weak bases can taste bitter Bases have a pH of above 7 Bases can be neutralized with acids
what does a base consist of
Base = Element + Hydroxide
Ex. Sodium Hydroxide, Calcium Hydroxide, Ammonium Hydroxide
what are acid base indicators
Acid-Base Indicators
Indicator ⇾ A chemical that turns a différent colour when it comes into contact with an acid or a base.
BLUE BASE RED ACID
The more blue, the more stronger the base.
The more red, the stronger the acid.
Yellow/Green in neutral.
how can you determine pH
Determining PH
Ionization - When a neutral compound dissociates to form ions. Acids dissociate in water producing H+ ions. Bases dissociate in water producing OH- ions.
Strength - The degree of ionization of a compound in water.
