Acids And Bases

Question 1

What’s an equation linking mass, moles and Mr?

Answer 1

Moles = mass/Mr

Question 2

What’s the equation linking volume, concentration and moles?

Answer 2

Concentration =moles/volume

Question 3

What’s the conversion between cm³ and dm³ ?

Answer 3

Cm³/1000 =1dm³

Question 4

What colour is phenolphthalein in an acid and in an alkaline?

Answer 4

Acid-colourless

Alkali-pink

Question 5

What colour is methyl orange in an acid and in an alkaline?

Answer 5

Acid-red

Alkali-orangey yellow

Question 6

What colour is litmus in an acid and in an alkaline?

Answer 6

Acid-pink

Alkali-blue

Question 7

When a substance is more acidic what ion is increasing?

Answer 7

+

H Ions

Question 8

When a substance is more alkaline what ion is increasing?

Answer 8

_

OH Ions

Question 9

What’s a definition of an acid?

Answer 9

A substance that produces hydrogen ions in a solution.

A substance that donates a proton in a reaction.

Question 10

What’s the definition of a base?

Answer 10

A substance that accepts a proton in a reaction

Question 11

What the definition of an alkaline?

Answer 11

A substance that produces hydroxide ions in solution.

-alkalis are soluble bases

Question 12

What’s the definition of pH?

Answer 12

pH-is the measure of the amount of hydrogen/hydroxide ions there are in a solution

Question 13

What’s a reaction between an acid and an alkali called?

Answer 13

A neutralisation reaction

Question 14

What’s the name given to the movement of two gases?

Answer 14

Diffusion

Question 15

If an experiment to show the diffusion between two gases was repeated at a higher temperature what would happen to the rate of reaction?

Answer 15

The reaction would occur quicker but in the same place because the particle collisions would be more frequent at a higher temperature

Question 16

Gas particles move at several hundreds of metres per second how come the reaction takes so long?

Answer 16

Collisions mean the movement of particles is random in direction

Question 17

What will a reaction between an acid and metal produce?

Answer 17

Acid + metal —> salt + hydrogen

Question 18

What will a reaction between an acid and a base produce?

Answer 18

Acid + base —> salt + water

Question 19

What will a reaction between an acid and a metal carbonate produce?

Answer 19

Acid + metal carbonate —> salt + carbon dioxide + water

Question 20

What’s the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid?

Answer 20

HCl

Question 21

What’s the chemical formula for sulphuric acid?

Answer 21

H₂SO₄

Question 22

What’s the chemical formula for nitric acid?

Answer 22

HNO₃

Question 23

What’s the chemical formula for ethanoic acid?

Answer 23

CH₃COOH

Question 24

Are common acids soluble or insoluble?

Answer 24

Soluble

Question 25

Are alkali bases soluble or insoluble?

Answer 25

Soluble

Question 26

Are non alkaline bases soluble or insoluble?

Answer 26

Insoluble

Question 27

Are nitrates soluble or insoluble?

Answer 27

Soluble

Question 28

Are chlorides soluble or insoluble?

Answer 28

Most soluble except silver and lead chloride

Question 29

Are sulphates soluble or insoluble?

Answer 29

Most are soluble except barium, lead(II) and calcium sulphate is slightly soluble

Question 30

Are carbonates soluble or insoluble?

Answer 30

Sodium and potassium carbonates are soluble, all other carbonates are insoluble

Question 31

Are hydroxides soluble or insoluble?

Answer 31

Sodium, potassium,calcium hydroxides are soluble, all others are insoluble

Question 32

Are ammonium salts soluble or insoluble?

Answer 32

All are soluble

Question 33

What are three salt preparation methods?

Answer 33

Titration method Excess base method Precipitation method

Question 34

What are three safety precautions when using an acid?

Answer 34

- wear safety glasses - stand up - clean spillages, wash hands - tie long hair back

Question 35

When calculating an average from titration experiments what results should you use?

Answer 35

Concordant values only(within 0.2 of each other)

Question 36

What apparatus can you use for a titration?

Answer 36

- burette - pipette - conical flask

Question 37

What's the mole ratio in a chemical equation?

Answer 37

The big numbers in front of each substance symbol

Question 38

Why do you use a pipette rather than a measuring cylinder?

Answer 38

Because it's more precise cause you have more control over smaller values

Question 39

What indicators do you use in titrations and why do you not use one type of indicator?

Answer 39

Use: phenolphthalein and methyl orange -don't use universal indicator because it doesn't have a definite colour change at one point it has a spectrum of colours