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Acids And Bases Flashcards

1
Q

What’s an equation linking mass, moles and Mr?

A

Moles = mass/Mr

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2
Q

What’s the equation linking volume, concentration and moles?

A

Concentration =moles/volume

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3
Q

What’s the conversion between cm³ and dm³ ?

A

Cm³/1000 =1dm³

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4
Q

What colour is phenolphthalein in an acid and in an alkaline?

A

Acid-colourless

Alkali-pink

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5
Q

What colour is methyl orange in an acid and in an alkaline?

A

Acid-red

Alkali-orangey yellow

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6
Q

What colour is litmus in an acid and in an alkaline?

A

Acid-pink

Alkali-blue

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7
Q

When a substance is more acidic what ion is increasing?

A

+

H Ions

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8
Q

When a substance is more alkaline what ion is increasing?

A

_

OH Ions

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9
Q

What’s a definition of an acid?

A

A substance that produces hydrogen ions in a solution.

A substance that donates a proton in a reaction.

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10
Q

What’s the definition of a base?

A

A substance that accepts a proton in a reaction

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11
Q

What the definition of an alkaline?

A

A substance that produces hydroxide ions in solution.

-alkalis are soluble bases

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12
Q

What’s the definition of pH?

A

pH-is the measure of the amount of hydrogen/hydroxide ions there are in a solution

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13
Q

What’s a reaction between an acid and an alkali called?

A

A neutralisation reaction

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14
Q

What’s the name given to the movement of two gases?

A

Diffusion

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15
Q

If an experiment to show the diffusion between two gases was repeated at a higher temperature what would happen to the rate of reaction?

A

The reaction would occur quicker but in the same place because the particle collisions would be more frequent at a higher temperature

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16
Q

Gas particles move at several hundreds of metres per second how come the reaction takes so long?

A

Collisions mean the movement of particles is random in direction

17
Q

What will a reaction between an acid and metal produce?

A

Acid + metal —> salt + hydrogen

18
Q

What will a reaction between an acid and a base produce?

A

Acid + base —> salt + water

19
Q

What will a reaction between an acid and a metal carbonate produce?

A

Acid + metal carbonate —> salt + carbon dioxide + water

20
Q

What’s the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

21
Q

What’s the chemical formula for sulphuric acid?

A

H₂SO₄

22
Q

What’s the chemical formula for nitric acid?

A

HNO₃

23
Q

What’s the chemical formula for ethanoic acid?

A

CH₃COOH

24
Q

Are common acids soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

25
Q

Are alkali bases soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

26
Q

Are non alkaline bases soluble or insoluble?

A

Insoluble

27
Q

Are nitrates soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

28
Q

Are chlorides soluble or insoluble?

A

Most soluble except silver and lead chloride

29
Q

Are sulphates soluble or insoluble?

A

Most are soluble except barium, lead(II) and calcium sulphate is slightly soluble

30
Q

Are carbonates soluble or insoluble?

A

Sodium and potassium carbonates are soluble, all other carbonates are insoluble

31
Q

Are hydroxides soluble or insoluble?

A

Sodium, potassium,calcium hydroxides are soluble, all others are insoluble

32
Q

Are ammonium salts soluble or insoluble?

A

All are soluble

33
Q

What are three salt preparation methods?

A

Titration method
Excess base method
Precipitation method

34
Q

What are three safety precautions when using an acid?

A
  • wear safety glasses
  • stand up
  • clean spillages, wash hands
  • tie long hair back
35
Q

When calculating an average from titration experiments what results should you use?

A

Concordant values only(within 0.2 of each other)

36
Q

What apparatus can you use for a titration?

A
  • burette
  • pipette
  • conical flask
37
Q

What’s the mole ratio in a chemical equation?

A

The big numbers in front of each substance symbol

38
Q

Why do you use a pipette rather than a measuring cylinder?

A

Because it’s more precise cause you have more control over smaller values

39
Q

What indicators do you use in titrations and why do you not use one type of indicator?

A

Use: phenolphthalein and methyl orange
-don’t use universal indicator because it doesn’t have a definite colour change at one point it has a spectrum of colours

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