Acids and bases Flashcards
Acid
a substance that releases
hydrogen ions into an aqueous solution.
examples of acids
hydrochloric acid (in your stomach)
- acetic acid (in vinegar)
lactic acid in yogurt and milk
Properties of acids
-corrosive
-React with some metals, releasing
hydrogen gas and leaving a salt
behind
-Are neutralised by bases producing water and salt
Turn blue litmus paper red
Conduct electricity
sour taste
Base
substance that releases hydroxide ions
into an aqueous solution.
alkali
a base that is dissolved in water
examples of bases
ammonia(household cleaners)
magnesium hydroxide (washing powders)
sodium carbonate
Properties of bases/alkali
Are caustic (can burn or
destroy organic
materials).
Have a soapy, slimy
feel
Turn red litmus paper
blue
Have a bitter taste
Conduct electricity
Are neutralised by acids
(producing water and
salt)
what is PH
measures the acidity of a liquid
What numbers do the PH scale go from
1 to 14.
PH of acidic soultions
less than 7
PH level of bases and alkaline solutions
greater than 7
PH of a neutral substance like water
7
PH indicators
are chemicals that change colour to show whether a substance is
acidic, neutral or basic
Universal indicator
chemical that shows whether a substance is an acid or base and the PH of the substance
PH indicators can be either
. natural or synthetic
what is meant by neutralized reaction
a chemical reaction in which an acid and base react together to form salt and water.
Universal indicator changes into at least 7 colours between pH 1-14 while methyl
orange indicator changes once from red to yellow at pH 4? Discuss why the name
universal indictor suits its purpose compared to methyl orange.
Universal indicator it shows the PH of the substance as well whether the substance is an acid or base
What do different acids in acid and hydroxide base reactions produce
different salts
If the base contains a carbonate (CO3 2-), what happens?
the product is salt, water AND carbon dioxide
eg. metal carbonate or hydrogen carbonates
Acid and metal reactions produce
Hydrogen gas and a salt
What happens when metals react with oxygen
metal oxide is produced.
4 types of chemical reactions that can take place
1) Acid + Metal > Hydrogen gas + Salt
2) Acid + hydroxide base>Water + Salt
3) Acid + carbonate base > Water + Salt + Carbon Dioxide
4) Acid + hydrogen carbonate > Water + Salt + Carbon Dioxide
If an acid releases a high amount of H + ions into a solution, is it a strong or weak acid?
Strong
acid.
If a base releases a low amount of OH - ions into a solution, is it a strong or weak base?
Weak
base.
If a base releases a low amount of OH - ions into a solution, is it a strong or weak base?
Weak
base.
acid + metal carbonate reaction equation
Acid + Metal Carbonate >Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Hydrogen
Combustion reaction chemical equation
Fuel+Oxygen>carbon dioxide+water
1) Acid + Metal produce
Hydrogen gas + Salt
Acid + hydroxide base prooduce
Water + Salt
Acid + carbonate base produce
Water + Salt + Carbon Dioxide
Acid + hydrogen carbonate produc
Water + Salt + Carbon Dioxide
what colours on a unviersal indactor are acidic
red orange yellow
what colours on a unviersal indactor are neutral
light green
what colours on a unviersal indactor are basic
dark green, blue andpurple
