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chemical reactions > Acids and bases > Flashcards

Acids and bases Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Acid

A

a substance that releases
hydrogen ions into an aqueous solution.

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2
Q

examples of acids

A

hydrochloric acid (in your stomach)

  • acetic acid (in vinegar)

lactic acid in yogurt and milk

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3
Q

Properties of acids

A

-corrosive

-React with some metals, releasing
hydrogen gas and leaving a salt
behind

-Are neutralised by bases producing water and salt

Turn blue litmus paper red

Conduct electricity

sour taste

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4
Q

Base

A

substance that releases hydroxide ions
into an aqueous solution.

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5
Q

alkali

A

a base that is dissolved in water

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6
Q

examples of bases

A

ammonia(household cleaners)
magnesium hydroxide (washing powders)
sodium carbonate

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7
Q

Properties of bases/alkali

A

Are caustic (can burn or
destroy organic
materials).

Have a soapy, slimy
feel

Turn red litmus paper
blue

Have a bitter taste

Conduct electricity

Are neutralised by acids
(producing water and
salt)

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8
Q

what is PH

A

measures the acidity of a liquid

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9
Q

What numbers do the PH scale go from

A

1 to 14.

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10
Q

PH of acidic soultions

A

less than 7

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11
Q

PH level of bases and alkaline solutions

A

greater than 7

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12
Q

PH of a neutral substance like water

A

7

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13
Q

PH indicators

A

are chemicals that change colour to show whether a substance is
acidic, neutral or basic

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14
Q

Universal indicator

A

chemical that shows whether a substance is an acid or base and the PH of the substance

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15
Q

PH indicators can be either

A

. natural or synthetic

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16
Q

what is meant by neutralized reaction

A

a chemical reaction in which an acid and base react together to form salt and water.

17
Q

Universal indicator changes into at least 7 colours between pH 1-14 while methyl
orange indicator changes once from red to yellow at pH 4? Discuss why the name
universal indictor suits its purpose compared to methyl orange.

A

Universal indicator it shows the PH of the substance as well whether the substance is an acid or base

18
Q

What do different acids in acid and hydroxide base reactions produce

A

different salts

19
Q

If the base contains a carbonate (CO3 2-), what happens?

A

the product is salt, water AND carbon dioxide

eg. metal carbonate or hydrogen carbonates

20
Q

Acid and metal reactions produce

A

Hydrogen gas and a salt

21
Q

What happens when metals react with oxygen

A

metal oxide is produced.

22
Q

4 types of chemical reactions that can take place

A

1) Acid + Metal > Hydrogen gas + Salt
2) Acid + hydroxide base>Water + Salt
3) Acid + carbonate base > Water + Salt + Carbon Dioxide
4) Acid + hydrogen carbonate > Water + Salt + Carbon Dioxide

23
Q

If an acid releases a high amount of H + ions into a solution, is it a strong or weak acid?

A

Strong
acid.

24
Q

If a base releases a low amount of OH - ions into a solution, is it a strong or weak base?

A

Weak
base.

25
Q

If a base releases a low amount of OH - ions into a solution, is it a strong or weak base?

A

Weak
base.

26
Q

acid + metal carbonate reaction equation

A

Acid + Metal Carbonate >Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Hydrogen

27
Q

Combustion reaction chemical equation

A

Fuel+Oxygen>carbon dioxide+water

28
Q

1) Acid + Metal produce

A

Hydrogen gas + Salt

29
Q

Acid + hydroxide base prooduce

A

Water + Salt

30
Q

Acid + carbonate base produce

A

Water + Salt + Carbon Dioxide

31
Q

Acid + hydrogen carbonate produc

A

Water + Salt + Carbon Dioxide

32
Q

what colours on a unviersal indactor are acidic

A

red orange yellow

33
Q

what colours on a unviersal indactor are neutral

A

light green

34
Q

what colours on a unviersal indactor are basic

A

dark green, blue andpurple

chemical reactions (7 decks)

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