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Chemistry - GCSE > Acids And Alkalis > Flashcards

Acids And Alkalis Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the skull symbol as a hazard symbol mean?

A

Toxic

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2
Q

What is a neutralisation reaction?

A

When an acid reacts with a base to produce a neutral solution of salt and water

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3
Q

If it is soluble in water, is it an alkali or base?

A

Alkali

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4
Q

If it is not soluble in water, is it a base or alkali?

A

Base

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5
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A base that is soluble in water

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6
Q

What does an indicator do?

A

Tells us the ph of a substance

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7
Q

Name 4 indicators

A

Litmus
Methyl orange
Phenolphthalein
Universal indicator

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8
Q

What’s a base?

A

A base is a substance that neutralises acids to form a salt and water only

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9
Q

Metal oxide + acid –> ? + ?

A

Salt + water

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10
Q

During neutralisation, how is water formed?

A

Hydrogen ions in acid combine with oxide ions to form water

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11
Q

During neutralisation, how is ph neutralised?

A

Through the removal of hydrogen ions

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12
Q

During neutralisation, how is salt formed?

A

By replacing the hydrogen ions with metal ions

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13
Q

What salt does hydrochloric acid form?

A

Chloride

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14
Q

What salt does sulphuric acid form?

A

Sulfate

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15
Q

What salt does nitric acid form?

A

Nitrate

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16
Q

What is used to prepare samples of different soluble salts?

A

An acid and insoluble metal oxide

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17
Q

What can an acid and insoluble metal oxide be used to do?

A

To prepare sample of different soluble salts

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18
Q

How can tin oxide be prepared?

A

By reacting tin(II)oxide with hydrochloric acid solution

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19
Q

In preparing soluble salts, what precaution is taken?

A

Excess of base is always added to ensure that all acid is used up

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20
Q

In preparing soluble salts, how is it made sure that the filtered salt is pure?

A

Mixture is filtered to remove unreacted metal oxide from the filtrate, leaving salt and water

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21
Q

In preparing soluble salts, how is a solid sample of the salt obtained?

A

Water evaporates, so crystallisation of the salt occurs

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22
Q

In preparing soluble salts, how is it made sure that the biggest amount of salt possible is formed?

A

Water is evaporated slowly, the slower it evaporates the larger the crystals that will form

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23
Q

What is concentration?

A

How many particles are dissolved in given volume of liquid

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24
Q

What does amount of hydrogen ions result in in terms of acidity?

A

The more acidic

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25
Q

What does the level of concentration result in in terms of pH?

A

Lower the concentration, the higher the pH

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26
Q

How do strong acids dissociate?

A

They completely dissociate (split up

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27
Q

How do weak acids dissociate?

A

Partially dissociate (only some split up)

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28
Q

What are the three strong acids?

A

Sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid

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29
Q

What are the three weak acids?

A

Ethanoic acid, citrus acid, carbonic acid

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30
Q

What’s the formula of sulfuric acid?

A

H(little2)SO(little4)

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31
Q

What’s the formula of hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

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32
Q

What’s the formula of nitric acid?

A

HNO(little3)

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33
Q

What’s the formula of ethanoic acid?

A

CH(little3)COOH

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34
Q

What’s the formula of citric acid

A

C(little6)H(little8)O(little7)

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35
Q

What’s the formula of carbonic acid?

A

H(little2)CO(little3)

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36
Q

What does a double headed arrow in a chemistry equation mean?

A

That it only partially dissociates

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37
Q

What charge will hydrogen always be?

A

Positive

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38
Q

How many acid particles do concentrated acids have dissolved in their water?

A

Lots of acid particles dissolved in the water

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39
Q

How many acid particles do dilute acids have dissolved in their water?

A

Only a few acid particles dissolved in the water

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40
Q

What is the equation for concentration?

A

Concentration= amount dissolved/volume

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41
Q

What’s the two SI units for concentration?

A

g/dm^3 or gdm-3

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42
Q

What’s SI units for amount dissolved (in concentration)?

A

g

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43
Q

What’s SI units for volume(in concentration)?

A

dm^3

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44
Q

1dm^3=?cm^3

A

1,000

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45
Q

What’s an acid?

A

A chemical that releases H+ions in water

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46
Q

What’s a base?

A

A base is any chemical that neutralises acids to make a salt and water only

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47
Q

What’s a neutralisation reaction?

A

A reaction that neutralises an acid

48
Q

What does it mean for something to be neutral?

A

pH 7

49
Q

What is pH?

A

Power of hydrogen, it is a measure of the concentration of H+ ions

50
Q

What is concentration?

A

The number of particles per unit volume (g dm^3)

51
Q

What does it mean if something is concentrated?

A

Lots of particles dissolved per unit volume

52
Q

What does it mean for something to be dilute?

A

A few particles dissolved per unit volume

53
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

Acid partially dissociated in water

54
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

Acid fully dissociated in water

55
Q

What type of scale is the pH scale? What does this mean?

A

It’s a logarithmic scale, meaning pH1 is 10 times stronger than pH 2
pH 1 IS 1000000 times stronger than pH6

56
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A base that is soluble

57
Q

What are the four soluble bases? (Alkalis)

A

Sodium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide
Calcium hydroxide
Lithium hydroxide

58
Q

What are the four insoluble bases?

A

Copper (II) hydroxide
Iron (III) hydroxide
Aluminium hydroxide

59
Q

Copper (II) hydroxide

What does the (II) mean?

A

Charge of 2

60
Q

What’s the formula of hydroxide ions?

A

OH-

61
Q

What’s the sodium hydroxide formula?

A

Na+OH-

62
Q

What’s the potassium hydroxide formula?

A

K+ OH-

63
Q

What’s the calcium hydroxide formula?

A

Ca^2+ (OH-)2

64
Q

What’s the lithium hydroxide formula?

A

Li+OH-

65
Q

What’s the copper (II) hydroxide formula?

A

Cu+2 (OH-)(little2)

66
Q

What’s the iron(III) hydroxide formula?

A

Fe+3(OH-)(little3)

67
Q

What’s the sodium aluminium hydroxide formula?

A

Al+3(OH-)(little3)

68
Q

What common ions have a +1 charge?

A

Hydrogen ion (H+), all group 1 metals

69
Q

What common ions have a +2 charge?

A

Copper (Cu^2+) , all group 2 metals, zinc (zn ^2+)

70
Q

What common ions have a +3 charge?

A

Aluminium (Al^3+)

71
Q

What common ions have a -1 charge?

A

Chloride (Cl-) Bromide (Br-) Iodide (I-) Nitrate (No{little3}) Hydroxide (OH-)

72
Q

What common ions have a -2 charge?

A

Sulphide (S^-2) Oxide (O^-2) Sulphate (SO{little4}^-2) Carbonate (CO{little2}^-2

73
Q

H{little2}SO{little4}

What does the little 4 mean?

A

There’s 4 oxygen

74
Q

SO{little4}2-

What is the charge?

A

-2

75
Q

What is indigestion caused by?

A

Too much acid in the stomach

76
Q

What do indigestion remedies do?

A

neutralises excess stomach acid

77
Q

What are Rennie (indigestion) pills made of?

A

Calcium carbonate and Magnesium carbonate

78
Q

In an experiment, what is an independent variable?

A

The thing you change

79
Q

In an experiment, what is the controlled variable?

A

What you keep the same

80
Q

In an experiment, what is the dependant variable?

A

What you want to find out

81
Q

What do all acid solutions contain?

A

H^+

82
Q

HCL > ?

A

H^+ CL^-

83
Q

H(little2)SO(little4) > ?

A

2H+ SO(little4)^2-

84
Q

CH(little3)COOH partially dissociates to ?

A

H^+ CH(little3)COO^-

85
Q

What are the rules for big numbers in a formula

e.g.) 2HCl

The 2

A

Big number can only to at he start of the compound

86
Q

2HCl

What does the 2 mean?

A

2 H, 2 Cl

87
Q

H(little2)Cl

Wat does the little 2 mean?

A

2H, 1Cl

88
Q

What do all alkali solutions contain?

A

OH-

89
Q

NaOH(s) > ?

A

Na^+(aq) + OH^-(aq)

90
Q

Ca(OH)(little2) > ?

A

Ca^2+ + 2OH^-

91
Q

What is the equation that shows why a Neutralisation reaction makes water?

A

H^+ + OH^- > HHO

92
Q

What is an acid alkali neutralisation?

A

A reaction in which hydrogen ions (H^+) from this acid react with hydroxide ions (OH^-) from the alkali to make water (H(little2)O)

93
Q

What is the point of titration?

A

So we know how much acid is needed to neutralise the alkali so that when we do the experiment without the indicator we end up with pure salt and water with no indicator

94
Q

When doing an experiment, how can you tell a gas is being released?

A

It will be bubbling

95
Q

Magnesium + hydrochloride acid > ? + ?

A

Magnesium chloride + Hydrogen

96
Q

How do you test for hydrogen?

A

It will make a ‘pop’ sound when you put a lot splint in it

97
Q

What is CASHOCO?

A

Carbonate + Acid > Salt + H(little2)O + CO(little2)

98
Q

In CASHOCO, what will Salt do?

A

Stay in excess at the bottom

99
Q

In CASHOCO, what will CO(little2) do?

A

Form bubbles

100
Q

How do you test for (COlittle2)

A

Add hydrochloric acid to carbonate. Test for it with bubbling gas produced through a delivery tube into lime water, which will go milky in colour .

101
Q

Calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid > ? + ? + ?

A

Calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide

102
Q

What is solubility?

A

A measure of how much of the substance will dissolve in a litre of water

103
Q

What letter symbol in an equation do we use to say something is soluble in water?

A

aq

104
Q

What letter symbol in an equation do we use to say something is insoluble in water?

A

s

105
Q

Is all common sodium, potassium and ammonium salts soluble or insoluble in water?

A

Soluble

106
Q

Is all nitrates soluble or insoluble in water?

A

Soluble

107
Q

Is most chlorides soluble or insoluble in water?

A

Soluble

108
Q

Is most Sulfates soluble or insoluble in water?

A

Soluble

109
Q

Is sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and ammonium carbonate soluble or insoluble in water?

A

Soluble

110
Q

Is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide soluble or insoluble in water?

A

Soluble

111
Q

Is silver chloride, lead chloride soluble or insoluble in water?

A

Insoluble

112
Q

Is lead sulphate, Borkum sulphate, Calcium sulphate soluble or insoluble in water?

A

Insoluble

113
Q

Is most carbonates soluble or insoluble in water?

A

Insoluble

114
Q

Is most hydroxides soluble or insoluble in water?

A

Insoluble

115
Q

Sodium hydroxide (aq) + barium chloride (aq) > ? + ?

A

Sodium chloride (aq) + barium hydroxide (s)

Chemistry - GCSE (9 decks)

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