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Chemistry > Acids, Alkalis And Salts > Flashcards

Acids, Alkalis And Salts Flashcards

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0
Q

Litmus paper

A

Not used- this turns red and blue in the presence of acid/alkali

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1
Q

How to recognise a carboxylic acid

A

O
| |
C - OH

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2
Q

Universal indicator

A

This is used- turns any colour of pH scale when aded to an acid or alkali

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3
Q

What do all acids contain

A

Hydrogen

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4
Q

pH of acids

A

6 or less

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5
Q

pH of alkali

A

8 to 14

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6
Q

What is the neutral pH and what colour is it

A

7 and murky green

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7
Q

Colour of an acid

A

Yellow to very dark brick red

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8
Q

Colour of an alkali

A

Dark green to very dark navy/black

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9
Q

What does the pH scale do

A

Measures the amount of hydrogena in a solution

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10
Q

Do alkalis or acids have more hydrogens

A

Acids

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11
Q

What is an indicator

A

Substance which changes colour when reacted with an alkali or an acid

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12
Q

Sodium hydroxide and water

A

Releases a hydrogen ion because it is acid

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13
Q

Hydrogen chloride in water

A

HCl –> H^+ and Cl^-

H2O

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14
Q

What are acids

A

Acids are substances which form hydrogen atoms when added to water

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15
Q

Sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid

A

Sulphuric acid is more acidic because make hydrogen atoms are released (2 opposed to 1)

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16
Q

Reversible reactions and acids

A

If the reaction is reversible, the acid won’t be very strong because the hydrogens are constantly being taken back in after being released

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17
Q

Partial dissociation

A

Not all hydrogens are realised- weak acid

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18
Q

Complete dissociation

A

All hydrogens are released- strong acid

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19
Q

Electrolyte

A

Substance which when dissolved in water allows electricity to flow through it

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20
Q

Salt is

A

A metal compound

21
Q

What do bases and indicators do

A

Neutralise acids and form salts

22
Q

All reactions to make a salt

A

Acid+metal –> salt+hydrogen
Acid+metal oxide –> salt+water
Acid + metal hydroxide (alkali) –> salt+water
Acid +carbonate –> salt+ water+ carbon dioxide

23
Q

Acid and metal

A

Zinc and sulphuric acid
Mix and turns cloudy, zinc gives of bubbles, breaks down and turns red
Forms zinc sulphate

24
Q

Acid + metal oxide

A

Heat sulphuric acid
Add carbon oxide until it doesn’t dissolve
Filter to blue liquid
Heat until you’re left with blue salt

25
Q

Alkali and an metal hydroxide

A

Hydrochloric acid+UI and sodium hydroxide+ UI
Mix until green
Add carbon to take out colour
Filter and then heat until water evaporates and salt is left

26
Q

Hydrochloric acid –>

A

Chloride HCl

27
Q

Sulphuric acid –>

A

Sulphate H2SO4

28
Q

Nitric acid –>

A

Nitrate NO3

29
Q

Metals always ____ electrons

A

Lose (positive)

30
Q

Non metals always ____ electrons

A

Gain (negative)

31
Q

3 common acids

A

Hydrochloric HCl
Sulphuric H2SO4
Nitric HNO3

32
Q

4 common alkalis

A

Sodium hydroxide NaOH
Potassium hydroxide KOH
Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2
Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2

33
Q

Solubility rules

A

Sodium, potassium, ammonium salts and carbonates
All nitrates
Common chlorides (not silver or lead)
Common sulphates (not barium calcium or lead)

34
Q

Preparation of insoluble salts

A 
Precipitation reactions 
Mix two aqueous solutions 
One must have positive ion and other must have negative ion
AgNO3 + NaCl --> AgCl + NaNO3
Ag^+ + Cl^- --> AgCl
35
Q

Common salt from hydrochloric acid

A

Sodium chloride

36
Q

Common salt from nitric acid

A

Magnesium nitrate

37
Q

Common salt from sulphuric acid

A

Ammonium sulfate

38
Q

What metals react with dilute acids

A

Metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series (magnesium, zinc, iron and aluminium)

39
Q

Acids used in dilute form to make a salt

A

Only sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid, nitric acid reacts in a strange way so isn’t used

40
Q

What experiments are there for dilute acids

A

Dilute acid + metal
Dilute acid + base
Dilute acid + metal carbonate

41
Q

Dilute acid + metal forms

A

A salt

42
Q

Dilute acid + base forms

A

A salt and water

43
Q

Dilute acid + metal carbonate

A

A salt, water and carbon dioxide

44
Q

What is titration

A

Method of finding out the volume of one solution that is required to react with a given volume of another solution- normally used to find out the volume of acid required to react with a given volume of an alkali

45
Q

What is an end point and what can it be shown by?

A

End point is when the maximum amount of ions have reacted- there may still be hydroxides or hydrogens left in the substances if they are of different concentrations
Phenolphthalein changes colour at end point

46
Q

Method of acid-alkali titration

A
  • Use a pipette to measure 25.0cm3 of alkali
  • Put this in a conical flask
  • Add a few drops of methyl orange
  • Put acid in a burette and note down the initial reading
  • Add acid gradually to the conical flask until a colour change is visible
  • Note final reading of burette
  • Subtract initial from final
  • This is the amount of acid needed to neutralise 25cm3 of the alkali
47
Q

Neutralisation/end point?

A

End point isn’t always neutralisation because if the substances are different concentrations there may still be unreacted ions left

48
Q

Equation to find concentration of a substance

A

Concentration(mol/dm3)= moles/volume(dm3)

49
Q

1dm3 =

A

1000cm3

Chemistry (13 decks)

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