acid base disorders Flashcards
acidaemia
low blood pH
alkalaemia
high blood pH
bicarbonate ions are mostly regulated by
the kidney and metabolism
CO2 is mostly regulated by
the lungs
how is pH of the blood detrrmined
why might acid build up in the blood
increased production or ingestion
body cant get rid of it
excess HCO3 loss
normal pH
7.35
compensatory response of metabolic acidosis
hyperventilation to eliminate CO2
so there are less hydrohen ions
anion gap
sodium - (chloride + bicarbonate)
normall 3-11
high anion gap metabolic acidosis
anion gap > 12
bicarbonate ions decrease due to bonding with extra H ions
hydrogen ions may be from increased organism acid production eg. lactic acid or diabetic ketoacidosis in uncontrolled diabetes
or chronic renal faailure (inability to excrete hydrogen ions)
accidental. ingestions of ethylene glycol (antifreeze)
substances that can lead to metabolic acidosis
propylene glycol
iron overdose
isoniazid overdose
promote lactic acid production
causes of metabolic acodisos
M methanol
U Uraemia
D DKA
P Propylene gycol
I Iron tablets and isoniazid
L Lactic acidosis
E ethylene glycol
S salicylates
normal gap metabolic acidosiss
decrease in bicarbonate is offset by build up of chloride so anion gap remains normal
most common cause of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis
diarrhoea
type 2 renal tubular acidosis
proximal convoluted tubule cant resorb bicarbonate
causes normal anion gap metabolic acidosis