Acid Base Disorders Flashcards
What does falling pH mean
Increasing acidity
What does acidosis mean
A disorder which tends to make the blood more acidic than normal
What is alkalosis
Disorder tending to make blood more alkaline than normal
What is acidemia
Low blood pH
What is alkalemia
High blood pH
What factors can affect pH
CO2 concentration
Products of metabolism - intrinsic acid
Extrinsic acid from diet and toxins
Buffering capacity
The relationship between bicarbonate and CO2
What is the henderson-hasselbalch equation
PH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])
What is the principle of Stewart’s strong ion difference
PH and HCO3- are dependant variables governed by
PCO2
Concentration of weak acids
Strong ion difference
What is measure in an ABG
PH
PO2
PCO2
HCO3-/ std HCO3-
Base excess
Lactate
Na+
K+
What can affect absolute bicarbonate
Respiratory and metabolic components
What is standard bicarbonate
Bicarbonate concentration standardised to pCO2 5.3kPa and temp 37
What is meant by base excess
Quantity of acid required to return the pH to normal under the standard conditions
In acidosis what is base excess referred to as
Base deficit
What the signs/symptoms of metabolic acidosis
Sighing respirations
Compensatory mechanisms- hyperventilation
What is the equation for anion gap
Anion gap = [Na+] + [K+] - [Cl-] - [HCO3-]
