Acid Base Balance Flashcards
1
Q
What happens if their is a high concentration of hydrogen ions?
A
the lower the pH & more acid the solution
2
Q
What releases hydrogen ions?
A
Acids
3
Q
Acidosis
A
pH < 7.35 (increased hydrogen or decreased bicarbonate)
4
Q
What happens if their is a lower concentration of hydrogen ions?
A
the higher the pH & more alkaline the solution
5
Q
What accepts hydrogen ions?
A
Bases (alkalis)
6
Q
Alkalosis
A
pH > 7.45 (decrease in hydrogen or increase in bicarbonate)
7
Q
Normal pH range
A
7.35-7.45
8
Q
Hyperventilation
A
- the more carbon dioxide is exhaled, the more carbonic acid is removed from the blood
- the blood pH changes to a more alkaline level
9
Q
Hypoventilation
A
- Holding the breath causes the body to retain carbon dioxide
- The blood pH changes to a more acidotic level
10
Q
Respiratory Acidosis
A
- carbon dioxide retention from hypoventilation
- hypoventilation results in a build up of carbon dioxide -> accumulation of carbonic acid in the blood -> hypoxia & hypercapnia develop
- If CO2 is not eliminated, pH decreases & acidosis results
11
Q
Respiratory Alkalosis
A
- Carbonic Acid deficit
- Occurs in any condition that increases the respiratory rate or depth that cause the lungs to eliminate too much CO2-> hyperventilation
- Primary cause is hypoxemia from acute pulmonary disorders
12
Q
Metabolic Acidosis
A
- characterized by a low plasma pH & a low plasma bicarbonate concentration
- Produced by a gain of hydrogen ions or a loss of bicarbonate
- Metabolic acidosis depresses the CNS and if untreated can lead to arrhythmias, coma, & cardiac arrest
- Compensation: Kussmaul respiration to increase CO2 excretion
- Kidney also attempt to excrete additional acid
13
Q
Metabolic Alkalosis
A
- Characterized by a high blood pH & a high plasma bicarbonate concentration
- Produced by a gain of bicarbonate or a less of hydrogen
- Compensation: decreased respiratory rate to increased plasma CO2
- Renal excretion of bicarbonate also occurs
- Untreated leads to coma, arrhythmias, death
14
Q
PaCO2
A
35-45 mmHg
15
Q
HCO3
A
22-26 mEq/L
