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Respiratory Physiology > Acid Base Balance 2 > Flashcards

Acid Base Balance 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pH for acidosis?

A

below 7.35 caused by metabolic processes

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2
Q

What is the pH for alkalosis?

A

above 7.45

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3
Q

What are acidosis and alkalosis dependent upon?

A

ratio of HCO3- : pCO2

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4
Q

What are symptoms of acidosis?

A

depresses CNS
Disorientated
Coma

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5
Q

What are symptoms of alkalosis?

A

Hyperexcitability of CNS
Spontaneous muscle stimulation
spasms, tetany, convulsions
respiratory tetanus = death

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6
Q

What causes respiratory acidosis?

A

Reduced elimination of CO2 - hypoventilation, asphyxia, asthma, severe emphysema

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7
Q

What happens in respiratory acidosis on davenports chart?

A

Increase in pCO2
Decrease in HCO3- : pCO2
Decreases pH (A to B)

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8
Q

What happens to HCO3- when pCO2 rises?

A

Increases to an extent due to dissociation of CA produced

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9
Q

What are 2 compensatory responses to respiratory acidosis?

A

Hyperventilation - decreases CO2 and increases pH
Kidney conserves HCO3- -> restores ratio of HCO3- : pCO2

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10
Q

What causes respiratory alkalosis?

A

Increased elimination of CO2 - hyperventilation (emotion, high altitude and lung disease)

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11
Q

What happens to davenport’s chart in respiratory alkalosis?

A

Decreases in pCO2
Increase in HCO3- : pCO2
Increases pH

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12
Q

What are 2 compensatory responses to respiratory alkalosis?

A

Hypoventilation - increases CO2 and decreases pH
Kidney excretes more HCO3 - to restore ratio

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13
Q

What is metabolic acidosis?

A

Increased elimination of HCO3-

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14
Q

What causes metabolic acidosis?

A

Severe diarrhea
vomiting
aspirin overdose
untreated diabetes mellitus
lactic acid buildup

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15
Q

What happens to davenport’s chart in metabolic acidosis?

A

Change in HCO3-
Decrease in HCO3- : pCO2
Decreases pH

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16
Q

What is the compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis?

A

Hyperventilation - decreases CO2, raises ratio and pH

17
Q

What is metabolic alkalosis?

A

Increased elimination of stomach contents

18
Q

What causes metabolic alkalosis?

A

Severe vomiting
Ingestion of alkaline substances
Acidic urine

19
Q

What happens to davenport’s chart in metabolic alkalosis?

A

Increase in HCO3-
Increases HCO3- : pCO2
Increases pH

20
Q

What are 2 compensatory responses to metabolic alkalosis?

A

Hypoventilation - increases CO2 and decreases pH
Kidney excretes HCO3- and restores ratio

Respiratory Physiology (17 decks)

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