acid base balance

Question 1

what are the 3 buffering systems

Answer 1

protiens

phosphate ions

HCO3-

Question 2

Plasma HCO3- concentration is approximately ____ times more conectrated than plasma H+

Answer 2

HCO3- 600,000x more concentrated than H+

Question 3

kidneys use ____ and ____ buffers

Answer 3

i) ammonia
ii) phosphate

Question 4

the kidneys handle the remaining ____% of pH disturbances SLOWLY though what 2 mechanisms?

Answer 4

25%

DIRECTLY: alter rate of excretion or reabsorbtion of H+

INDIRECTLY: by changing the rate of HCO3- buffer being excreted or reabsorbed

Question 5

The distal nephron conrtols acid excretion, what cells are involved in acidosis and alkalosis

Answer 5

acidosis - Type A intercalated cells
alkalosis - Type B intercalated cells

Question 6

the centers for thirst and salt appetite exist within the:

posterior pituitary
thalamus
medulla
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex

Answer 6

hypothalamus - has osmoreceptors and nucleui that drive thirst and salt appetite

Question 7

Acidosis

Answer 7

Type A intercalated cells: increase H+ secretion and HCO3- reabsorbtion -usually accompanied by increase K+ reabsorbtion (hyperkalemia)

Question 8

Alkalosis

Answer 8

Type B intercalated cells: increase H+ reabsorbtion and HCO3- secretion -usually accompanied by incease K+ secreting (hypokalemia)

Question 9

Acid / Base disturbances

Answer 9

!. Respiratory Acidosis
2. Respiratory alkalosis

3. Metabolic acidosis
4. Metabolic alkalosis

Question 10

respiratory acidosis

Answer 10

occurs whrn alveolar hypoventilation results in CO2 retention and elevate plasma CO2

Question 11

repiratory alkalosis

Answer 11

much less common , occures as a result of hyperventilation in the absence of increase metabolc CO2 production

Question 12

metabolic acidosis

Answer 12

excessive acid H+ intake thru food
excessive production of metabolic H+

can also occur from excessice HCO3- loss (diarrhea)

Question 13

metabolic alkalosis

Answer 13

2 common causes: excessive vomiting of acid stomach contents, or excessive ingestion of bicarbonate-containing antacids

resolved by decreasing ventilation, but try not to get hypoxia lol
you need renal response too to help: H+ reabsorbtion

Question 14

which of the following will NOT incease thirst?

drymouth
increaed ECF osmolarity
increased ANG2 release
increased blood pressure
None of the above

Answer 14

inceased blood pressure - cuz if you have high blood pressure, bringin more water will just make it worse