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9th Science > Acid Base And Salt > Flashcards

Acid Base And Salt Flashcards

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1
Q

Malic acid
Citric acid
Tartaric acid
Oxalic acid
Acetic acid
Lactic acid
Ascorbic acid
Tannic acid
Hydrochloric acid
Formic acid

A

Apple
Lemon
Grape
Tomato
Vinegar
Curd
Orange
Tea
Stomach juice
Ant, Bee

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2
Q

Our body metabolism is carried out by means of _______ secreted in our stomach.

A

hydrochloric acid

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3
Q

An acid is a the compound which is capable of forming hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solution whereas a base is a compound that forms hydroxyl ions (OH-) in solution.

A

When an acid and a base react with each other, a neutral product is formed which is called salt.

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4
Q

The word ‘acid’ is derived from the Latin name “acidus”. Which means

A

Sour taste

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5
Q

Substances with sour taste are called

A

acids

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6
Q

In 1884, a Swedish chemist ____proposed a theory on acids and bases

A

Svante Arrhenius

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7
Q

In ______year, a Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius proposed a theory on acids and bases

A

1884

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8
Q

What happens to an acid or a base in water? Do acids produce ions only in aqueous solution?

A

Hydrogen ions in HCl are produced in the presence of water. The separation of H+ ion from HCl molecules cannot occur in the absence of water.

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9
Q

All acids contain one or more hydrogens. But all the hydrogen containing substances are not acids.

A

For essentially example, methane (CH) and ammonia (NH,) also contain hydrogen. But they do not produce H’ ions in aqueous solution

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10
Q

Acids are classified in different ways as given below:

(a) Based on their sources

A

Organic Acids
InOrganic Acids

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11
Q

Classification of Acids
Based on their Basicity

A

Monobasic Acid
Dibasic
Tribasic

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12
Q

Acids present in plants and animals (living things) are ____

A

organic acids.
Example: HCOOH, CH3COOH

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13
Q

Acids prepared from rocks and minerals are

A

inorganic acids or mineral acids. Example: HCl, HNO3, H2SÓ4

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14
Q

Monobasic Acid: ,

A

Acid that contain only one replaceable hydrogen atom per molecule is called monobasic acid. It gives one hydrogen ion per molecule of the acid in solution. Example: HCl, HNO

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15
Q

basicity

A

that refers to the number of replaceable hydrogen atoms present in one molecule of an acid. For example, acetic acid (CH3COOH) has four hydrogen atoms but only one can be replaced. Hence it is monobasic.

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16
Q

acetic acid (CH3COOH) has four hydrogen atoms but only one can be replaced. Hence it is .

A

monobasic

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17
Q

Dibasic Acid:

A

An acid which gives two hydrogen ions per molecule of the acid in solution. Example: H2SO4, H₂Co3

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18
Q

Tribasic Acid:

A

An acid which gives three hydrogen ions per molecule of the acid in solution. Example: H3PO4

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19
Q

Classification of aicd
Based on Ionisation:

A

Strong Acids
Weak acid

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20
Q

Classification of aicd
Based on concentration

A

Concentrated
Dilute

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21
Q

Strong Acids:

A

These are acids that ionise completely in water. Example: HCI

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22
Q

Weak Acids:

A

These are acids that ionise partially in water. Example: CH3COOH

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23
Q

Concentrated Acid:

A

It has relatively large amount of acid dissolved in a solvent.

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24
Q

Dilute Acid: .

A

It has relatively smaller amount of acid dissolved in solvent

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25
Q

Properties of Acids

A

a) They have sour taste.

b) Their aqueous solutions conduct electricity since they contain ions.

c) Acids turns blue litmus red.

d) Acids react with active metals to give hydrogen gas/
e) Acids react with metal carbonate and metal hydrogen carbonate to give carbon dioxide
f) Acids react with metallic oxides to give salt and water.
g) Acids react with bases to give salt and water.

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26
Q

Ionisation

A

Ionisation is the condition of being dissociated into ions by heat or radiation or chemical reactions or electrical discharge

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27
Q

Few metals react with acid and liberate do not hydrogen gas. For example:

A

Ag, Cu.

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28
Q

Sulphuric acid is called King of Chemicals

A

because it is used in the preparation of many other compounds.

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29
Q

Acid used in car batteries

A

Sulphuric acid

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30
Q

Hydrochloric acid is used as a

A

cleansing agent in toilets

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31
Q

Citric acid is used in the preparation of

A

effervescent salts and as a food preservative.

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32
Q

■_____ is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, dyes, paints and drugs.

A

Nitric acid

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33
Q

Oxalic acid is used to clean iron and manganese deposits from _____.

A

quartz crystals

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34
Q

______ is also used as bleach for wood and removing black stains.

A

Oxalic acid

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35
Q

____ is used in aerated drinks.

A

Carbonic acid

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36
Q

Tartaric acid is a constituent of

A

baking powder

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37
Q

Acids show their properties only when dissolved in water. In water, they ionise to form H+ ions which determine the properties of acids. They do not ionise in organic solvents.

A

For example, when HCl is dissolved in water it produces H+ ions and Cl- ions whereas in organic solvents like ethanol they do not ionise and remain as molecule.

38
Q

We know that metals like ______ are not reactive with either HCI or HNO

A

gold and silver

39
Q

mixture of these two acids(HCl & HNO3) can dissolve gold. (This mixture is called .

A

Aquaregia

40
Q

Aquaregia is a mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid prepared optimally in a molar ratio is _____ it is a ______

A

3:1
yellow-orange fuming liquid

41
Q

Melting point and boiling point of aquaregia

A

Melting point - 42°C(-44°F,213K)
Boiling point: 108°c(226°F, 381k)

42
Q

The term aquaregia is a Latin phrase meaning “_____. The name reflects the ability of aquaregia to dissolve the noble metals such as _____

A

King’s Water
gold, platinum and palladium.

43
Q

According to Arrhenius theory, bases are substances that ionise in water to form

A

hydroxyl ions (OH-).

44
Q

Bases that are soluble in water are called .

A

alkalis

45
Q

Uses of Aquaregia

A
  1. It is used chiefly to dissolve metals such as gold and platinum.
  2. It is used for cleaning and refining gold
46
Q

All alkalis are bases but not all bases are alkalis.

A

For example: NaOH and KOH are alkalis whereas Al(OH), and Zn(OH), are bases.

47
Q

Classification of Bases

A

Based on acidity
Monoacidic base
Diacidic base
Triacidicbase
Based on concentration
Concentrated alkalis
Dilute alkalis
Based on ionisation
Strong base
Weak base

48
Q

Based on acidity
Monoacidic base
Diacidic base
Triacidicbase

A

Monoacidic Base: It is a base that ionises in water to give one hydroxide ion per molecule.

Example: NaOH, КОН

Diacidic Base: It is a base that ionises in water to give two hydroxide ions per molecule.

Example: Ca(OH)2. Mg(OH)2

Triacidic Base: It is a base that ionises in water to give three hydroxide ions per molecule.

Example: Al(OH)3, Fe(OH)3

49
Q

Based on ionisation
Strong base
Weak base

A

Concentrated Alkali: It is an alkali having a relatively high percentage of alkali in its aqueous solution.

Dilute Alkali: It is an alkali having a relatively low percentage of alkali in its aqueous solution.

50
Q

Based on concentration
Concentrated alkalis
Dilute alkalis

A

Strong Bases: These are bases which ionise completely in aqueous solution.

Example: NaOH, КОН

Weak Bases: These are bases that ionise partially in aqueous solution.

Example: NH4 OH, Ca(OH)2

51
Q

The term acidity

A

is used for base, which means the number of replaceable hydroxyl groups present in one molecule of a base.

52
Q

Properties of Bases

A

a) They have bitter taste.
b) Their aqueous solutions have soapy touch.
c) They turn red litmus blue.
d) Their aqueous electricity. solutions conduct
e) Bases react with metals to form salt with the liberation of hydrogen gas.

53
Q

Properties of Bases
Bases react with non-metallic oxides to produce salt and water. Since this is similar to the reaction between a base and acid

A

we can conclude that non- metallic oxides are acidic în nature.

54
Q

Properties of base

A

Bases react with acids to form salt and water.The above reaction between a base and an acid is known as Neutralisation reaction
h) On heating with ammonium salts, bases give ammonia gas.

55
Q

Few metals do not react with sodium hydroxide.. Example:

A

Cu, Ag, Cr

56
Q

glucose and alcohol solution do not conduct electricity

A

The electric current is carried through the solution by ions. glucose and alcohol solution do not produce ions

57
Q

Uses of Bases

A

(i) Sodium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of soap.

(ii) Calcium hydroxide is used in white washing of building.

(iii) Magnesium hydroxide is used as a medicine for stomach disorder.

(iv) Ammonium hydroxide is used to remove grease stains from cloths

58
Q

An acid turns _______
A base turns ______

A

blue litmus paper into red.
red litmus paper into blue.

59
Q

In acid medium, phenolphthalein is _____. In basic medium, phenolphthalein is _____

A

colourless
pink in colour.

60
Q

acid medium, methyl orange is ____ in colour. In basic medium, methyl orange is ______ in colour

A

pink
yellow

61
Q

A scale for measuring hydrogen ion concentration in a solution is called

A

pH scale.

62
Q

The ‘p’ in pH stands for ‘____’ in German mearing power

A

potenz

63
Q

pH scale is a set of numbers from

A

0 to 14

64
Q

whether a solution is acidic, basic or neutral

A

Acids have pH less than 7
Bases have pH greater than 7
A neutral solution has pH equal to 7

65
Q

Salts are the products of the reaction between acids and bases.

A

Salts produce positive ions and negative ions when dissolved in water.

66
Q

4 Types of salt

A

Normal salt
Acid Salt
Basic salt
Double salt

67
Q

Normal Salts:

A

A normal salt is obtained by complete neutralization of an acid by a base

NaOH + HCl → NaCl+H20

68
Q

Acid Salts?

A

It is derived from the partial replacement of hydrogen ions of an acid by a metal. When a calculated amount of a base is added to a polybasic acid, acid salt is obtained.
NaOH+H2SO4 → NaHSO4+H₂O

69
Q

Basic Salts:

A

Basic salts are formed by the partial replacement of hydroxide ions of a diacidic or triacidic base with an acid radical.

Pb(OH)2 + HCI → Pb(OH)Cl + H₂O

70
Q

Double Salts:

A

Double salts are fo combination of the saturated solution of two simple salts in equimolar ratio followed by crystallization
eg potash alum

71
Q

potash alum is a mixture of

A

potassium sulphate and aluminium sulphate. KAl(SO4)2.12H₂O

72
Q

Properties of Salts

A

✓ Salts are mostly solids which melt as well as boil at high temperature.
✓ Most of the salts are soluble in water. For example, chloride salts of potassium and sodium are soluble in water. But, silver chloride is insoluble in water
✓ They are odourless, mostly white, cubic crystals or crystalline powder with salty taste.
Salt is hygroscopic in nature.

73
Q

Many salts are found as crystals with water molecules. These water molecules are known as

A

water of crystallisation.

74
Q

Salts that contain water of crystallisation are called

A

hydrated salts

75
Q

water of crystallisation makes the copper sulphate _____. When it is heated, it loses its water molecules and becomes white.

A

blue

76
Q

Salts that do not contain water of crystallisation are called

A

anhydrous salt

77
Q

Identification of Salts

A

a) Physical examination of the salt.
b) Dry heating Test.
c) Flame Test.
d) When HCl is added with a carbonate salt, it gives off CO, gas with brisk effervescence.

78
Q

Dry heating Test.

A

This test is performed by heating a small amount of salt in a dry test tube. After all the water get evaporated, the dissolved salts are sedimented in the container.

79
Q

Flame Test.

A

Certain salts on reacting with concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) form their chlorides. The paste of the mixture with con. HCl is introduced into the flame with the help of platinum wire.

80
Q

Flame Test.

Brick red
Golden Yellow
Pink Violet
Green Fleshes

A

Ca2+
Na2+
K+
Zn2+

81
Q

Uses of Salts

Common Salt (Sodium Chloride - NaCl) .

A

It is used in our daily food and used as a preservative

82
Q

Washing Soda (

A

Sodium Carbonate-Na2CO3)
i. It is used in softening hard water.
ii. It is used in glass, soap and paper
industries.

83
Q

Baking Soda

A

(Sodium bicarbonate -NaHCO3,)

i. It is used in making of baking powder which is a mixture of baking soda and tartaric acid.
ii.It is used in soda-acid fire extinguishers.
iii. Baking powder is used to make cakes and bread, soft and spongy.
iv. It neutralizes excess acid in the stomach and provides relief.

84
Q

Bleaching powder

A

(Calcium Oxychloride - CaOCl2)

i. It is used as disinfectant.

ii. It is used in textile industry for bleaching cotton and linen.

85
Q

Plaster of Paris

A

(Calcium sulphate Hemihydrate - CaSO4, ½H₂O)

i. It is used for plastering bones.

ii. It is used for making casts for statue

86
Q

Acid is a substance which furnishes &______ ions when dissolved in water.

A

H+ ions or H3O+

87
Q

Acidic and basic solutions in water conduct electricity

A

because they produce hydrogen and hydroxide ions respectively.

88
Q

PH Scale is used to find out the ______ ion concentration in a solution.

A

power of hydrogen

89
Q

Since metal carbonate and metal bicarbonate are basic, they react with acids to give salt and water with the liberation of_____

A

Co2

90
Q

significance of pH of soil in agriculture.

A

5.5-6.5

91
Q

Two acids ‘A’ and ‘B’ are given. Acid A gives one hydrogen ion per molecule of the acid in solution. Acid B gives two hydrogen ions per molecule of the acid in solution
1) Find out acid A and acid B. (ii) Which acid is called the King of Chemicals?

A

1). Hcl, H2so4
2). H2so4

92
Q

______ is used in textile industry
_______ is Used for making cakes

A

1) Bleaching powder (Calcium Oxychloride - CaOCl2)
2) Baking Soda (Sodium bicarbonate -NaHCO3)

9th Science (19 decks)

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