Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

162 Exam #1 > acid-base > Flashcards

acid-base Flashcards

1
Q

an acid that can be eliminated from the body as a gas

A

volatile acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does pH stand for?

A

power or parts of Hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does pH measure?

A

the parts of Hydrogen in a fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what causes respiratory acidosis?

A

excess of dissolved carbonic acid (CO2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what happens with an excess of carbonic acid (CO2)?

A

respiratory acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what causes respiratory alkalosis?

A

carbonic acid (CO2) deficit (hyperventilation can cause this)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what happens when you have a deficit of carbonic acid (CO2)?

A

respiratory alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what happens with a deficit of bicarbonate?

A

metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what causes metabolic acidosis?

A

a deficit of bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what happens with an excess of bicarbonate?

A

metabolic alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what causes metabolic alkalosis?

A

an excess of bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in the body?

A

1 : 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the normal pH range of the body?

A

7.35 to 7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what three systems work together to maintain pH?

A

buffer systems
respiratory system
renal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how do buffer systems work?

A
  • prevent major changes in pH
  • binds with H ions when excess acid is present
  • release H ions if system is too basic
  • act quickly
  • three major systems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the three major buffer systems?

A

carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
phosphate buffer system
protein buffer system

17
Q

what test can you perform to monitor pH balance in the body?

A

ABG (arterial blood gases)

18
Q

what is the primary change in metabolic disorders?

A

level of bicarbonate goes up or down

19
Q

what is the primary change in respiratory disorders?

A

level of carbonic acid goes up or down

20
Q

what is a normal serum bicarbonate level?

A

24 mEq/L

21
Q

what is a normal serum carbonic acid level?

A

1.2 mEq/L

22
Q

What does PaO2 indicate?

A

It is a measure of the pressure exerted by oxygen that is dissolved in the plasma

23
Q

A PaO2 level of less than 80 mm/Hg

A

Hypoxemia

24
Q

What does PaCO2 indicate?

A

Measure of the pressure exerted by dissolved carbon dioxide in the blood
Reflects the respiratory component of acid-base regulation

25
Q

A PaCO2 of less than 35 mmHg indicates what?

A

Hypocapnia

26
Q

A PaCO2 of more than 45 mmHg indicates what?

A

Hypercapnia

27
Q

How is acid-base balance assessed?

A

Arterial blood gases (ABGS)

28
Q

Why is arterial blood primarily used for ABGs and to assess acid-base balance?

A

It reflects the acid-base balance throughout the body better than venous or capillary blood that has dispersed O2 into tissues and collected CO2
Also it provides information about the effectiveness of higher lungs in oxygenating the blood

29
Q

What are some common causes of metabolic acidosis?

A
  • increased acid production (lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis etc) or bicarbonate loss (diarrhea, ileostomy drainage, fistula etc)
  • decreased acid excretion (renal failure)
  • increased chloride (NaCl IV solutions, renal tubule acidosis etc)
30
Q

What are some common causes of metabolic alkalosis?

A
  • increased acid loss/excretion (vomiting, gastric suctioning, hypokalemia etc)
  • increased bicarbonate (alkali ingestion, excess bicarbonate administration)
31
Q

What are some common causes of respiratory acidosis?

A

Acute: acute conditions (ie pulmonary edema, pneumonia,a cute asthma), opiate overdose, foreign body aspiration, chest trauma
Chronic: chronic conditions (ie COPD or cystic fibrosis), MS or other neuromuscular diseases, stroke

32
Q

What are some common causes of respiratory alkalosis?

A
  • anxiety induced hyperventilation
  • fever
  • early salicylate intoxication
  • hyperventilation with mechanical ventilator
33
Q

What are some symptoms of alkolosis?

A

Irritability, confusion, cyanosis, slow respirations, irregular pulse, muscle weakness

34
Q

What is irritability, confusion, cyanosis, slow respirations, irregular pulse, muscle weakness a sign of?

A

Alkalosis

35
Q

What is the pharmacological tx of acidosis?

A
  • administration of sodium bicarbonate infusions, provided the bicarbonate level is low
  • make sure to monitor for over correcting
36
Q

What is the pharmacological tx for alkalosis?

A
  • administering sodium chloride concurrently with potassium chloride (increases renal excretion of bicarbonate)
  • more severe cases can be treated with ammonium chloride
37
Q

What are symptoms of metabolic acidosis?

A

-rapid breathing, possibly confusion or lethargy

38
Q

What are symptoms of ammonium toxicity?

A

-pallor, sweating, irregular breathing, retching, bradycardia, twitching and convulsions

162 Exam #1 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions