Acetylcholine Flashcards

1
Q

Primary transmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Acetylcholine

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2
Q

Two families of cholinergic receptors

A

Nicotinic
Muscarinic

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3
Q

Nicotinic receptor type

A

Ion

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4
Q

Muscarinic receptor type

A

GPCR

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5
Q

Location of acetylcholine synthesis

A

Presynaptic nerve terminal

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6
Q

Rate limiting factor in acetylcholine synthesis

A

Availability of the subtrates choline and acetyl-CoA

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7
Q

Step-by-step ACh synthesis

A
  1. Acetyl CoA is produced in the mitochondria and released to the cytoplasm
  2. Choline is transported from the blood into the cytoplasm of the nerve terminal
  3. Choline and Acetyl CoA joined by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase to form ACh
  4. ACh is packaged into vesicles
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8
Q

Step-by-step of ACh release

A
  1. Action potential depolarizes the nerve terminal
  2. Voltage gated Ca++ channels open and allow an influx of Ca++ into the nerve terminal
  3. ACh vesicles to fuse the nerve terminal (Ca++ is required) and release ACh via exocytosis into the synaptic cleft
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9
Q

Antagonizes Ca++ at the presynaptic nerve terminal

A

Mg++

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10
Q

Step-by-step metabolism of ACh

A
  1. Ache around cholinergic receptors hydrolyzes ACh after it unbinds = choline and acetate
  2. Choline diffuses into circulation. Acetate diffuses away from the synaptic cleft.
  3. Choline is transported back into the nerve terminal to serve as substrate for ACh synthesis
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11
Q

Two subtypes of nicotinic ACh receptors

A

Nm (muscle)
Nn (neuron)

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