Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Tissues > Accessory glands > Flashcards

Accessory glands Flashcards

1
Q

What are glands?

A

Organised clusters of secretory units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do glands arise from?

A

Invaginated epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the increasing complexity of a digestive gland (ducts deeper into the gland)

A

Main duct

Lobar duct

Interlobar duct

Intralobular duct

Striated duct

Intercalated duct

Acinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What cells line the lobar duct?

A

Stratified columnar epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What cells line the interlobar duct?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What cells line the intralobar duct?

A

Cuboidal to columnar epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What cells line the striated duct?

A

Cuboidal to columnar epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What cells line the intercalated duct?

A

Low cuboidal epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an acinus?

A

Rounded secretory units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does saliva contain?

A

Proteins, glycoproteins (mucus), ions, water and IgA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two portions of the salivary gland?

A

Secretory portion

Duct portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What cell types make up the secretory portion of the salivary gland?

A

Serous cells

Mucous cells

Myoepithelial (basket) cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a characteristic feature of the myoepithelial basket cells?

A

Have several long processes that envelope the acinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is characteristic about the duct portion of the salivary glands?

A

Highly branched levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 3 major salivary glands?

A

Parotid

Submandibular

Sublingual glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is mainly secreted from the parotid?

A

Serous secretion with high levels of the enzyme amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What salivary gland produces most of the saliva?

A

Submandibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do minor salivary glands mainly secrete?

A

Mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Talk about how enzymes are stored in pancreas and salivary cells?

A

Stored as zymogens in acinar cells - released by exocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe what system innervates salivary glands

A

Post ganglionic fibres of autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How are salivary and pancreatic ducts similar

A

Both have branching ductal system which epithelial cells secrete into

Both compromise secretory units (lobules) made of an acinus - intercalated duct - intralobular duct - interlobular duct - pancreatic/salivary duct

Both store zymogen granules in acinar cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Desribe difference histologically between endocrine and exocrine pancreas

A

Exocrine pancreatic acinus release enzymes into duct

Endocrine pancreas cells release hormones into capillaries (capillaries in middle of islets)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do centroacinar cells do?

A

Pancreas - Form intercalated ducts and secrete buffer solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the largest gland?

A

The liver

25
Q

How many lobes is the liver divided into?

A

4

26
Q

What epithelia/connective tissue surrounds the liver?

A

Glisson’s capsule - squamous epithelium connective tissue

27
Q

What are epithelial cells of the liver?

A

Hepatocytes

28
Q

Where do blood vessels enter and leave the liver?

A

Porta hepatis

29
Q

Where do vessels leave to the gall bladder from liver?

A

Hepatic ducts

30
Q

What are the three models of liver organisation?

A

Classical liver lobule
Portal lobule model
Acinar model

31
Q

What is the the classical liver lobule?

A

Central vein, seen as single holes

Hepatocytes radiating from the central vein separated by vascular sinusoids.

Drains blood from portal vein and hepatic artery to hepatic/central vein

32
Q

What is the portal liver lobule?

A

The portal triads drain into a central site/canal

Important in draining bile from hepatocyte to bile duct

33
Q

What is the portal acinus lobule?

A

Based on functional considerations

Gradients of oxygen/metabolic processes

Diamond arrangement of oxygenated blood supply from portal canals and drain into central vein of lobule

34
Q

Where 3 classical lobules are in contact with each other form portal areas it is called …

A

Triad

35
Q

Portal areas house …

A

Branches of hepatic artery, Tributaries of portal vein, Interlobular bile ducts

36
Q

Spaces between hepatocytes occupied by

A

Sinusoids

37
Q

What are sinusoids?

A

Small blood vessels with discontinuous endothelium

38
Q

Spaces between hepatocytes membrane and sinusoidal lining …

A

Space of Disse

39
Q

How do veins and sinusoids appear on section?

A

Veins: large non-stained oval

Sinusoids: smaller non stained region (longer shape but thinner)

40
Q

How do hepatocytes normally appear?

A

Branched, usually one cell thick and at least one surfaces faces a blood sinusoid.

41
Q

What lies on the basolateral domain of the hepatocyte, what does it absorb and secrete?

A

Sinusoidal: adsorbs blood-borne substances and secretes plasma proteins (blood clotting)

42
Q

What lies on the apical domain of the hepatocyte?

A

Canalicular: borders the bile canaliculus, sealed at sides by occluding junctions to prevent leakage of bile

43
Q

What are Kupffer cells?

A

Resident macrophages of liver, line sinusoids

44
Q

What is the role of Kupffer cells?

A

Involved in breakdown of red blood cells

Involved in liver’s response to: infection, toxins, ischemia resection and other stresses

45
Q

What are hepatic stellate cells also known as?

A

Perisinusoidal cell, Ito cell, Hepatic pericyte, lipocyte, parasinusoidal cell, fat-storing cell

46
Q

What is the role of hepatic stellate cells?

A

Liver damage - stellate cells activated

Transition from quiescent vitamin A-rich cells into, proliferative, fibrogenic, contractile myofibroblasts

47
Q

What junctions flank bile ducts?

A

Tight junctions

48
Q

What is the role of the gall bladder?

A

Acts as a reservoir for the bile produced by the liver

Concentrates the bile and adds a quantity of mucus to it

Discharges its contents in response to the entry of fatty foods into the duodenum

49
Q

What mucosa does the wall of the gall bladder consist of?

A

Folded mucosa

50
Q

What are the 4 cell types/layers of the gall bladders folded mucosa?

A

Epithelium

Lamina propria

Smooth muscle

Adventitia

51
Q

What is the epithelia of the gall bladder?

A

Simple columnar apical brush border of microvilli

52
Q

Does the gall bladder have a muscularis mucosae?

A

No

53
Q

How are muscle fibres arranged in the gall bladder?

A

Not arranged in distinct layers

54
Q

What defines a centroacinar cell?

A

Duct cells that penetrate into the central region of the acini

55
Q

What is the role of the spleen?

A

Phagocytosis and immune responses in adult.

In foetus it is an important site of haematopoesis

56
Q

What does the spleen consist of?

A

Thin fibrous capsule

White pulp - lymphoid tissue (B and T lymphocytes develop)

Red pulp - macrophages

Fibrous trabecular – support

57
Q

How can white pulp and red pulp be distinguished on H&E?

A

White pulp - more purple darker patches (circular)

Red pulp - pinker, rest of spleen

58
Q

A hepatic vein tributary is a component of each portal triad…

A

False

59
Q

Where is bile that enters the bile canaliculi carried to ?

A

The portal triads

Tissues (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions