AC14: Polymers Flashcards
What are the 2 main condensation polymers called
- Polyesters
- Polyamides
What is condensation polymerisation
The joining of monomers with loss of a small molecule, usually water or HCl
In condensation polymerisation, 2 different ______ are needed
Functional groups
In polyesters, how are monomers joined together
By ester linkages
If polyesters are formed from one monomer, what must the monomer contain
A carboxylic acid and an alcohol group
If a polyester is made from 2 monomers, what must the monomers contain
- Once containing 2 carboxylic acid groups
- One containing 2 alcohol groups
What is the name of the molecule that contains 2 carboxylic acid groups
A dicarboxylic acid
What is the name of the molecule that contains 2 alcohol groups
A diol
In polyamides, how are the monomers joined
By amide linkages
If a polyamide is made from one monomer, what must the monomer contain
- A carboxylic acid
- An amine group
If a polyamide is made from 2 monomers, what must each monomer contain
- One containing 2 carboxylic acid groups
- One containing 2 amine groups
What is an example of a monomer that has both an amine group and a carboxylic acid group
Amino acid
What is the name of the molecule that has 2 amine groups
Diamine
When hydrolysing polyesters or polyamides, what is used
- Hot aqueous alkali e.g. NaOH
OR - Hot aqueous acid e.g. HCl
In addition polymerisation, what must the monomers contain
A C=C double bond
What are the monomers of addition polymers
Alkenes
In the acidic hydrolysis of a polyamide, what does the reaction break the polyamide into
- A dicarboxylic acid
- Ammonium ions
During the alkaline hydrolysis of polyamides, what is the polymer broken into
- Dicarboxylic acid salt
- Diamines
During the acidic hydrolysis of polyesters, what are the products
- Diol
- Dicarboxylic acid
In the alkaline hydrolysis of a polyester, what are the products
- Diol
- Dicarboxylic acid salt
What is the fastest way to hydrolyse a polyester, acid or alkali
Alkali
What does zwitterion mean
A compound that has both positive and negative charges
