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Year 2 Chemistry OCR A level > AC13: Organic nitrogen compounds > Flashcards

AC13: Organic nitrogen compounds Flashcards

1
Q

What is amine derived from

A

Ammonia molecules

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2
Q

What is a primary amine

A

Attached to only 1 carbon

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3
Q

Why do amine act as a base

A

Amines have a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen

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4
Q

What a proton binds to an amine, what type of bond is formed

A

Dative covalent (coordinate) bond

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5
Q

What determines the electron density of the nitrogen in amines

A

The type of group attached to the nitrogen

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6
Q

What determines the strength of amine acting as a base

A

The availability of the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen

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7
Q

What is needed to make an aliphatic amine

A
  • Halogenalkane
  • Excess ammonia
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8
Q

When reacting 1-chloroethane with excess ammonia, what is the products

A

Primary amine and ammonia chloride

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9
Q

How many molecules of ammonia are needed to react with halogenalkane

A

2

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10
Q

Why can secondary, tertiary and quaternary amines be formed from a primary amine

A

Primary amines still have a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen so also acts as a nucleophile

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11
Q

How are aromatic amines made

A

Reducing nitro compounds such as nitrobenzene

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12
Q

When reducing nitro compounds, like nitrobenzene, what is the first step

A

Heat under nitrobenzene under reflux with concentrated hydrochloric acid and tin

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13
Q

When reducing nitrobenzene, how many [H] do you need

A

6, 2 for the nitro part attached to the ring and then 4 to form 2 molecules of water

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14
Q

What are amides derivatives of

A

Carboxylic acids

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15
Q

What is the difference between a carboxylic acid and an amide

A

The -OH in the carboxylic acid is substituted with a -NH2

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16
Q

What is the difference between amine and amides

A

Amides have a carbonyl functional group attached to -NH2 group

17
Q

What are the conditions to make a primary amine

A
  • Excess ammonia in ethanol
18
Q

What mechanism type happens when excess ammonia reacts with a haloalkane

A

Nucleophilic substitution

19
Q

When reacting haloalkane with ammonia, what would happen if the haloalkane is in excess

A

Further reactions can take place, forming secondary and tertiary amines

20
Q

Why must the ammonia be in excess when reacting with a haloalkane

A

As the primary amine that is produced has a lone pair so can act as a nucleophile and form secondary and teritary amines, so excess ammonia is needed

21
Q

What 2 reactants are needed to form a secondary amine

A
  • Haloalkane
  • Excess ethanolic primary amine
22
Q

What is the reducing agent when reducing nitrobenzene to phenylamine

A
  • Tin / Sn
  • Concentrated HCl
  • Heated under reflux
23
Q

What is the product of reducing nitrobenzene using tin and concentrated HCl

A

A salt since the conditions are acidic

24
Q

What is reacted with the salt that is formed from the reduction of nitrobenzene with tin and concentrated HCl

A

Salt + OH- -> nitrobenzene + water

25
Q

What process converts nitriles to primary amines

A

Reduction

26
Q

Are the boiling points of amines of comparable alkanes higher or lower

A

Boiling point of amines are higher

27
Q

Why do amines have higher boiling points than comparable alkanes

A

Amines can form hydrogen bonds, and have permanent dipole dipole forces, however the hydrogen bonds have greater effect

28
Q

Are amines soluble in water

A

Smaller amines are very soluble, but a larger non-polar hydrocarbon make them less soluble

29
Q

Why are amines soluble in water

A

As they can form hydrogen bonds

30
Q

Are primary and secondary amines weak or strong bases

A

Weak bases

31
Q

How do amines act as bases

A

As there’s a lone pair on the nitrogen that accepts a proton

32
Q

When amines dissolve in water, what solution forms (acidic or alkaline)

A
  • Alkaline
33
Q

What are the products of ammonia and water

A
  • NH4+
  • OH-
34
Q

What is formed when amines react wit acids

A

Salts

35
Q

What 2 groups do amino acids contain

A
  • Amine group
  • Carboxylic acids

Year 2 Chemistry OCR A level (17 decks)

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