AC10 Carboxylic acid Flashcards
Do alcohols or carboxylic acids of similar sizes have a higher boiling point
Carboxylic acids
Why do carboxylic acids have a higher boiling point than alcohols of similar size
Because they can both form hydrogen bonds but carboxylic acids also has a permanant dipole
Why does the boiling point of carboxylic acids increase when the size of the carboxylic acid increases
Since there are more electrons and a larger surface area so an increase points of contact so there are more London forces
When naming carboxylic acids, what carbon is carbon one
The carbon bonded to the carboxylic acid group
When reacting a phenol with a carboxylic acid attached, and you add sodium hydroxide / a strong base, what is the product
Where the Na+ is attached to the O- of the OH and the O- of the COOH and H2O is produced
Is the OH acid or carboxylic acid a stronger acid
Carboxylic acid
When adding sodium carbonate/ weak base to a phenol with carboxylic acid attached what is the product
Where Na+ is attached to the COOH but NOT the OH
Why does sodium carbonate only react with the carboxylic acid and not the OH group when added to a phenol with a carboxylic acid
Because COOH is a stronger acid than the OH
What is the name of the CH3COO- ion
Ethanoate
What are the products:
Ethanoic acid + NaOH
CH3COONa + H2O
- Sodium ethanoate + water
What are the products:
CH3COOH + metal e.g. Na
NaCH3COO + H2
Sodium ethanoate + hydrogen gas
What are the products:
CH3COOH + NA2CO3
NaCH3COO + CO2 + H2O
Sodium ethanoate + carbon dioxide + water
What are the products:
CH3COOH + metal oxide (NaO)
NaCH3COO + H2O
Sodium ethanoate + water
What are the products:
CH3COOH + NH3
NH4CH3COO
What are the names of the 4 derivatives of carboxylic acids
- Esters
- Acyl chloride
- Acid anhydride
- Amide
How to name esters
Draw a line between the COO- ion and the methyl group
When naming esters, what name comes first the ethanoate or the methyl
Methylethanoate
What are the products:
Alcohol + carboxylic acid
Ester + water
What are the conditions for the reaction between carboxylic acid and alcohol forming an ester
- Concentrated sulfuric acid
- Heat
What is the equation for the base hydrolysis of an ester
Ester + hydroxide -> Carboxylate ion + alcohol
What does ester and water make with an acid catalyst
Carboxylic acid + alcohol
Is the acid hydrolysis or base hydrolysis of an ester reversible
The acid hydrolysis is reversible
Why is the acid hydrolysis of ester a revesible reaction
Because the acid hydrolysis is in the presence of an acid catalyst and the products of the acid hydrolysis is carboxylic acid and alcohol
Why does the base hydrolysis of an ester produce a higher yield than the acid hydrolysis of esters
Because the base hydrolysis is not reversible whereas the acid hydrolysis is reversible
What is the other reactant needed to react with a carboxylic acid to produce an acyl chloride
SOCl2
What are the products of reacting a carboxylic acid and SOCl2
- Acyl chloride
- HCl
- SO2
What is more reactive a carboxylic acid or an acyl chloride
Acyl chloride
What is produced when an acyl chloride reacts with an alcohol
An ester
What are the 3 steps when making esters via acyl chlorides
- Nucleophile in
- Chloride fell off
- Subsequently proton fell off
What condition is required when making an ester with a carboxylic acid but that is not required when making an ester from an acyl chloride
Heat
What is the product of an acyl chloride and water
Carboxylic acid and HCl
What is the name of the molecule produced produced when an acyl chloride reacts with ammonia
An amide
How to test for a carboxylic acid
- React with carbonate like sodium carbonate
- fizzing shows positive result
