AC 2.1 - Explain forms of Social Control Flashcards
What are values??
General principles and guidelines that tell us how to live. They tell us good, bad and wrong.
They are shared within a given community and there are more of these than norms.
What are norms??
Specific rules or socially accepted standards which govern peoples behaviour in certain situations.
They are social expectations and explain why people act in the way they do. Can vary between cultures.
In uk we wear black at a funeral while in China they wear white
What are moral codes??
These are good ways of behaving. Breaking them is usually very serious in society. E.g Murder.
They are basic set of rules, values and principles held by individual organisations, groups and society as a whole.
3 informal sanctions and 3 formal sanctions??
- Frowning upon behavior, Grounding a child, Ignoring behaviour
+ Prison, Fines, Injunction
What is social control??
Organisations or bodies put rules or regulations for people to follow to ensure society runs smoothly by preventing criminal behaviour.
What is internal social control??
Controls our our behaviour from within ourselves.
E.g. Personalties and values
What is external social control??
Controls over our behaviour through agencies.
E.g Education or family
What is socialisation in internal social control??
Societys moral code and rules become internalised as our own personal rules. This happens through interactions with other people in our community - family and society as a whole. We conform to societies norms.
What is rational ideology in internal social control??
Internalisation of societys rules which are then used to determine right and wrong - keeps with the law
An example of internal social control??
Culture - In Japan it is custom to be very respectful of elders when young whilst in the UK it is less respected as there are more juvinile deliquents.
What theories do we link to Internal social control??
Freuds
What are the five agencies for external social control??
Peers
Coercion
Family
Education
Criminal Justice System
Rewards for those who conform and punishments for those who dont
What theories do we link to external social control??
Skinners operant conditioning
Walter Reckless-Contaminate theory
Hirschis control theory
What are the four sub organisations for external social control??
Police - arrest those who arent conforming
CPS - punishes those arrested
Judges and Magistrates - sentences them
Prison service - Holds those sentenced - can reward those conforming to the prisons social control and punish those who dont
What is coercion??
Threat of force to make someone do something or not do something. Can be physical or psychological.
E.g Prison sentence for theft prevents re-offending
What is fear of punishment??
A type of coercion.
Right realists argue that fear of punishment is what stops would be criminals.
What is Walters Containment Theory??
We all have psychological tendancies to commit crimes but society contains them.
Inner containment - socialisation
Outer containment - Laws of society
He said that a combination of both is what stops us from commiting crimes.
What is Hirchis Control theory??
People conform becasue they are controlled by their bonds to society which prevents them from offending.
Deliquents occur when that bond is weak or broken,
Emphasises role of parents in creating good bonds - low social control is from inconsistences or absent parenting.
Lack of self control is a major cause of deliquents.
List the four bonds of Hirchis control theory.
1) Attachment - We care about others opinions and their norms
2) Commitment - If we aim to follow conventional lifestyle we have a lot to lose by offending
3) Involvment - The more we partake in conventional lawabding activites - sports or studying less time and energy for offending
4) If we have been socialised to believe in the law we are less likley to break it.
