Abx 2

Question 1

imipenem

Answer 1

carbapenem used with cilastatin that resists beta-lactamases

SE: nausea, vomiting, C diff, seizures

Question 2

cilastatin

Answer 2

given with imipenem to inhibit dehydropeptidase in kidney proximal tubules (increase imipenem levels, prevent generation of nephrotoxic metabolite)

Question 3

meropenem

Answer 3

the better version of imipenem because it is not metabolized by dehydropeptidase and causes fewer seizures

Question 4

ertapenem

Answer 4

carbapenem given 1x/day

Question 5

doripenem

Answer 5

carbapenem used for intra-abdominal infections and UTIs

don’t use for pneumonia (risk death, low cure rate)

Question 6

aztreonam

Answer 6

monobactam that binds PBP3 of G- bacteria

treats G- aerobes

excreted unchanged in urine

Question 7

vancomysin

Answer 7

prevents removal of terminal D-ala of PG

treats MRSA

SE: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, red man syndrome

Question 8

telavancin

Answer 8

IV (1x) lipoglycopeptide that inhibits PG crosslinking

treats S aureus

SE: teratogenic, avoid in pregnant women

Question 9

oritavancin

Answer 9

IV (3hrs) lipoglycopeptide that inhibits polymerization and crosslinking

ABSSSI

SE: headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, C diff

don’t give w/unfractionated heparin

Question 10

dalbavancin

Answer 10

cidal semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide that prevents crosslinking

treats ABSSSI

SE: nausea, headache, diarrhea

Question 11

bacitracin

Answer 11

cidal topical or opthalmic

prevents deP of bactoprenol

treats G+ cocci/bacilli

Question 12

fosfoycin

Answer 12

inhibits NAM synthesis

treats uncomplicated UTIs

Question 13

gentamicin

Answer 13

AGS IV, topical, opthalmic

treats burns, wounds, prevent catheter infections, superficial ocular infections

Question 14

tobramycin

Answer 14

the less ototoxic version of gentamicin

Question 15

amikacin

Answer 15

enzyme-resistant AGS IV (higher peak/trough)

treats nosocomical infections that gentamicin and tobramycin can’t

Question 16

streptomycin

Answer 16

IV AGS

Question 17

kanamycin

Answer 17

rarely used IV AGS

Question 18

neomysin

Answer 18

oral or topical AGS

prep for bowel surgery, anti-infectant

Question 19

paromomycin

Answer 19

oral AGS that kills cysts of entamoeba histolytica

Question 20

tetracycline

Answer 20

short-acting TCN to treat acne

Question 21

oxytetracycline w/polymyxin B

Answer 21

short-acting opthalmic TCN

Question 22

demeclocycline

Answer 22

intermediate-acting TCN that inhibits a protein kinase in kidneys

treat SIADH

Question 23

doxycycline

Answer 23

long-acting oral or IV TCN

Question 24

minocycline

Answer 24

long-acting TCN that blocks NO synthesis and microglia activation

treats acne, neuroprotective

SE: pulmonary complications, SLE-like syndrome, pigmentation

Question 25

tigecycline

Answer 25

long-acting parenteral TCN that blocks NO synthesis and microglia activation

treats MRSA, community-acquired PNA, complicated infections

SE: increased mortality for nosocomical infections

decrease dose if severe hepatic impairment