Abx 2 Flashcards
imipenem
carbapenem used with cilastatin that resists beta-lactamases
SE: nausea, vomiting, C diff, seizures
cilastatin
given with imipenem to inhibit dehydropeptidase in kidney proximal tubules (increase imipenem levels, prevent generation of nephrotoxic metabolite)
meropenem
the better version of imipenem because it is not metabolized by dehydropeptidase and causes fewer seizures
ertapenem
carbapenem given 1x/day
doripenem
carbapenem used for intra-abdominal infections and UTIs
don’t use for pneumonia (risk death, low cure rate)
aztreonam
monobactam that binds PBP3 of G- bacteria
treats G- aerobes
excreted unchanged in urine
vancomysin
prevents removal of terminal D-ala of PG
treats MRSA
SE: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, red man syndrome
telavancin
IV (1x) lipoglycopeptide that inhibits PG crosslinking
treats S aureus
SE: teratogenic, avoid in pregnant women
oritavancin
IV (3hrs) lipoglycopeptide that inhibits polymerization and crosslinking
ABSSSI
SE: headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, C diff
don’t give w/unfractionated heparin
dalbavancin
cidal semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide that prevents crosslinking
treats ABSSSI
SE: nausea, headache, diarrhea
bacitracin
cidal topical or opthalmic
prevents deP of bactoprenol
treats G+ cocci/bacilli
fosfoycin
inhibits NAM synthesis
treats uncomplicated UTIs
gentamicin
AGS IV, topical, opthalmic
treats burns, wounds, prevent catheter infections, superficial ocular infections
tobramycin
the less ototoxic version of gentamicin
amikacin
enzyme-resistant AGS IV (higher peak/trough)
treats nosocomical infections that gentamicin and tobramycin can’t
streptomycin
IV AGS
kanamycin
rarely used IV AGS
neomysin
oral or topical AGS
prep for bowel surgery, anti-infectant
paromomycin
oral AGS that kills cysts of entamoeba histolytica
tetracycline
short-acting TCN to treat acne
oxytetracycline w/polymyxin B
short-acting opthalmic TCN
demeclocycline
intermediate-acting TCN that inhibits a protein kinase in kidneys
treat SIADH
doxycycline
long-acting oral or IV TCN
minocycline
long-acting TCN that blocks NO synthesis and microglia activation
treats acne, neuroprotective
SE: pulmonary complications, SLE-like syndrome, pigmentation
tigecycline
long-acting parenteral TCN that blocks NO synthesis and microglia activation
treats MRSA, community-acquired PNA, complicated infections
SE: increased mortality for nosocomical infections
decrease dose if severe hepatic impairment
