ABSOLUTISM & CONSTITUTIONALISM 1648-1750 Flashcards
The war of Netherlands’ independence from Spain, which led to the separation of the northern and southern Netherlands and to the formation of the United Provinces of the Netherlands (the Dutch Republic).
80 year’s war
A treaty between Charles V and the forces of Lutheran princes on September 25, 1555, which officially ended the religious struggle between the two groups and allowed princes in the Holy Roman Empire to choose which religion would reign in their principality.
Peace of Augsburg
His rule coincided with the Thirty Years’ War and his aim, as a zealous Catholic, was to restore Catholicism as the only religion in the empire and suppress Protestantism.
Ferdinand II
This war began when the newly elected Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand II, tried to impose religious uniformity on his domains, forcing Roman Catholicism on its peoples. Initially a war between various Protestant and Catholic states in the fragmented Holy Roman Empire, it gradually developed into a more general conflict involving most of the great powers.
Lasting between 1618 and 1648, it was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, resulting in millions of casualties.
The Thirty Year’s War
The Treaty that ended the Thirty Year’s War and gave the Netherlands their independence from Spain, and they became the Dutch Republic.
The Treaty of Westphalia
This was a private company that was granted a public monopoly. It was given complete control over the trade in the Dutch East Indies. Now, this was no mere company.
Dutch East India Company
The Dutch Republic (United Provinces of the Netherlands) received its independence from which power:
Spain
Which of the following largely resolved the battle for sovereignty between crown and Parliament in England?
A. The Test Act of 1673.
B. The acceptance of the divine right of kings.
C. John Locke’s “Second Treatise of Civil Government”.
D. The Glorious Revolution
D. The Glorious Revolution
The revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 had the most direct impact on what group in France?
The Calvinists
The 17th century English philosopher considered to be one of the founders of modern political philosophy. He is best known for his 1651 book “Leviathan”, in which he expounds an influential formulation of social contract theory. He is infamous for having used the social contract method to arrive at the astonishing conclusion that we ought to submit to the authority of an absolute—undivided and unlimited—sovereign power.
Thomas Hobbes
An eloquent advocate of the “divine right of kings.” His politics earned him the position of the court preacher and tutor to the dauphin, Louis XIV oldest son. He used the Old Testament to defend his beliefs that only God could judge the king, forming the idea of the divine right of kings; this idea would help guide Louis XIV on his nearly 80 year reign.
Bishop Bossuet
Monarch who called himself “The Sun King”.
Louis XIV of France
Signed in April 1598 by King Henry IV and granted the Calvinist Protestants of France, also known as Huguenots, substantial rights in the nation, which was in essence completely Catholic. In the document, Henry aimed primarily to promote civil unity.
Edict of Nantes
What does the phrase, “L’etat c’est moi” spoken by Louis XIV mean?
I am the state.
What does the French word “beaurocracy” mean?
Bureau - desk ocracy - Greek for “the power of”
So put together it meant “the power of the desk”. Those who are appointed by the state represent the state and thus are accorded power.
