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ABSITE - oncology Flashcards

1
Q

mechanism of cisplatin

A 
cell-cycle non-specific
alkylate DNA (covalent bond)
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2
Q

mechanism of carboplatin

A 
cell-cycle non-specific
alkylate DNA (covalent bond)
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3
Q

mechanism of oxaliplatin

A 
cell-cycle non-specific
alkylate DNA (covalent bond)
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4
Q

mechanism of cyclophosphamide

A

cell-cycle non-specific
alkylate DNA (covalent bond)
acrolein is active metabolite

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5
Q

mechanism of busulfan

A 
cell-cycle non-specific
alkylate DNA (covalent bond)
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6
Q

mechanism of bleomycin

A 
cell-cycle non-specific
alkylate DNA (covalent bond)
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7
Q

mechanism of streptozocin

A

cell-cycle non-specific
alkylate DNA (covalent bond)
glucose mimic to islet cells -> kills islet cells

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8
Q

mechanism of methotrexate

A

S-phase specific

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase -> inhibits purine/DNA synthesis

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9
Q

mechanism of 5-fluorouracil

A

S-phase specific

inhibits thymidylate synthase -> inhibits purine/DNA synthesis

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10
Q

mechanism of etoposide

A

S-phase specific

inhibits topoisomerase

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11
Q

mechanism of doxorubicin (Adriamycin)

A

S-phase specific

DNA intercalator

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12
Q

mechanism of alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine)

A

M-phase specific

inhibits microtubules

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13
Q

mechanism of taxanes (docetaxel, paclitaxel)

A

M-phase specific

promote irreversible microtubule formation/stabilization

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14
Q

mechanism of irinotecan

A

S-phase specific

inhibits topoisomerase

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15
Q

mechanism of gemcitabine

A

S-phase specific

nucleoside analog

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16
Q

mechanism of anastrozole

A

aromatase inhibitor

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17
Q

mechanism of leuprolide

A

GnRH analog

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18
Q

mechanism of flutamide

A

anti-androgen

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19
Q

mechanism of trastuzumab (Herceptin)

A

monoclonal antibody

blocks HER/neu receptor

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20
Q

mechanism of bevacizumab (Avastin)

A

monoclonal antibody
blocks VEGF receptor
inhibits angiogenesis

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21
Q

mechanism of imatinib (Gleevec)

A

receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor

binds c-kit (stem cell growth factor receptor)

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22
Q

mechanism of cetuximab (Erbitux)

A

monoclonal antibody

blocks EGF receptor

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23
Q

adverse effects of cisplatin

A 
nephrotoxicity
neurotoxicity
ototoxicity
hypocalcemia/hypomagnesemia
severe peripheral neuropathy
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24
Q

adverse effects of carboplatin

A 
(bone-)myelosuppression
nephrotoxicity
neurotoxicity
ototoxicity
hypocalcemia/hypomagnesemia
peripheral neuropathy
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25
Q

adverse effects of oxaliplatin

A 
cold sensitivity
nephrotoxicity
neurotoxicity
ototoxicity
hypocalcemia/hypomagnesemia
peripheral neuropathy
26
Q

adverse effects of busulfan

A

pulmonary fibrosis

27
Q

adverse effects of bleomycin

A

pulmonary fibrosis

28
Q

adverse effects of doxorubicin

A

heart failure
cardiomyopathy
hepatotoxicity

29
Q

adverse effects of cyclophosphamide

A 
severe pancytopenia
pulmonary fibrosis
second malignancy
hemorrhagic cystitis
gonadal dysfunction
SIADH
30
Q

adverse effects of methotrexate

A 
oral ulceration
diarrhea
Stevens-Johnson
hepatitis
encephalopathy
nephrotoxicity
31
Q

mechanism of capecitabine

A

S-phase specific

converts to 5-fluorouracil in tumor

32
Q

adverse effects of 5-fluorouracil

A 
oral ulceration
diarrhea
Stevens-Johnson
hepatitis
encephalopathy
nephrotoxicity
33
Q

adverse effects of vincristine

A

peripheral neuropathy
neurotoxic
paralytic ileus

34
Q

adverse effects of vinblastine

A

(bone-)myelosuppression

paralytic ileus

35
Q

adverse effects of taxanes (docetaxel, paclitaxel)

A 
pancytopenia
cardiotoxicity when used with adriamycin
peripheral neuropathy
allergic reactions
peripheral edema
36
Q

adverse effects of tamoxifen

A

DVT

endometrial CA

37
Q

adverse effects of anastrozole

38
Q

adverse effects of bevacizumab (Avastin)

A

bowel perforation

inhibit wound healing

39
Q

adverse effects of imatinib (Gleevec)

40
Q

clinical use of doxorubicin

A

breast CA

sarcoma

41
Q

clinical use of cyclophosphamide

A

lymphoma
sarcoma
non-GI adenocarcinoma

42
Q

clinical use of cisplatin

A

lung CA
squamous cell Ca
ovarian CA
germ cell tumors

43
Q

clinical use of carboplatin

A

lung CA
squamous cell Ca
ovarian CA
germ cell tumors

44
Q

clinical use of oxaliplatin

45
Q

clinical use of taxanes (docetaxel, paclitaxel)

A

breast CA
ovarian CA
lung CA

46
Q

clinical use of tamoxifen

A

pre-menopausal prevention of breast CA

treatment of pre-menopausal receptor-positive or unknown status breast CA

47
Q

clinical use of raloxifene

A

post-menopausal prevention of breast CA

48
Q

clinical use of anastrozole

A

treatment of post-menopausal receptor-positive or unknown status breast CA

49
Q

clinical use of leuprolide

A

hormone-sensitive prostate CA

50
Q

clinical use of flutamide

A

prostate CA

51
Q

clinical use of bevacizumab (Avastin)

A

metastatic colorectal CA

metastatic non-small cell lung CA

52
Q

clinical use of imatinib (Gleevec)

A

malignant GIST tumors

53
Q

clinical use of IL-2

A

metastatic melanoma

metastatic renal cell CA

54
Q

clinical use of mitotane

A

unresectable/metastatic adrenocortical CA

55
Q

clinical use of octreotide

A

pancreatic islet cell tumors

carcinoid syndrome

56
Q

clinical use of cetuximab (Erbitux)

A

colorectal CA

head/neck CA

57
Q

radio-resistant tumors

A

epithelial

sarcoma

58
Q

radio-sensitive tumors

A

seminoma

lymphoma

59
Q

mechanism of cytarabine

A

S-phase specific
antimetabolite
interferes with DNA/RNA polymerase

60
Q

adverse effect of cytarabine

A

neutropenic enterocolitis

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