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ABSITE > ABSITE - antibiotics > Flashcards

ABSITE - antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

mechanism of quinolones

A

inhibitor of DNA gyrase (topoisomerase)

bactericidal

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2
Q

mechanism of rifampin

A

inhibitor of RNA polymerase

bactericidal

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3
Q

mechanism of metronidazole

A

produces oxygen radicals -> DNA damage

bactericidal

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4
Q

mechanism of sulfonamides

A

PABA analogue -> inhibit purine synthesis

bacteriostatic

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5
Q

mechanism of trimethoprim

A

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase -> inhibit purine synthesis
synergistic with sulfonamides
bacteriostatic

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6
Q

mechanism of penicillin

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis

bactericidal

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7
Q

mechanism of cephalosporins

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis

bactericidal

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8
Q

mechanism of carbapenems

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis

bactericidal

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9
Q

mechanism of monobactams

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis

bactericidal

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10
Q

mechanism of vancomycin

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis

bactericidal

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11
Q

mechanism of tetracycline

A

bind 30s ribosome -> inhibit protein synthesis

bacteriostatic

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12
Q

mechanism of aminoglycosides

A

bind 30s ribosome -> inhibit protein synthesis

bactericidal

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13
Q

mechanism of erythromycin

A

bind 50s ribosome -> inhibit protein synthesis

bacteriostatic

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14
Q

mechanism of clindamycin

A

bind 50s ribosome -> inhibit protein synthesis

bacteriostatic

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15
Q

mechanism of chloramphenicol

A

bind 50s ribosome -> inhibit protein synthesis

bacteriostatic

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16
Q

mechanism of linezolid

A

bind 50s ribosome -> inhibit protein synthesis

bactericidal

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17
Q

mechanism of penicillin resistance

A

transfer of beta-lactamase plasmid

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18
Q

mechanism of cephalosporin resistance

A

transfer of beta-lactamase plasmid

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19
Q

mechanism of monobactam resistance

A

transfer of beta-lactamase plasmid

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20
Q

mechanism of carbapenem resistance

A

transfer of beta-lactamase plasmid

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21
Q

mechanism of gentamicin resistance

A

decreased active transport into cell (modified enzyme)

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22
Q

mechanism of MRSA resistance

A

mutation in cell wall binding protein

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23
Q

mechanism of VRE resistance

A

mutation in cell wall binding protein

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24
Q

coverage of penicillin

A 
streptococcus (incl. b-hemolytic)
syphilis
neisseria
c. perfringens
anthrax

does not cover staphylococcus, enterococcus

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25
Q

coverage of oxacillin/nafcillin

A

staph aureus

does not cover MRSA

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26
Q

coverage of amoxicillin, ampicillin

A 
streptococcus (incl. b-hemolytic)
syphilis
neisseria
c. perfringens
anthrax
enterococcus

does not cover staphylococcus

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27
Q

coverage of ampicillin+sulbactam

A

GPCs (incl enterococci)
GNRs
+/- anaerobic

does not cover pseudomonas, acinetobacter, serratia

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28
Q

coverage of ticarcillin, piperacillin

A

GNRs: (incl. pseudomonas, acinetobacter)

does not cover anaerobes

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29
Q

coverage of ticarcillin+clavulanate, piperacillin+tazobactam

A

GPCs
GNRs (incl. pseudomonas, acinetobacter)
anaerobes

30
Q

coverage of 1st generation cephalosporins

A 
GPCs
few GNRs (Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella)
does not cover enterococcus, pseudomonas
31
Q

examples of 1st generation cephalosporins

A

cefazolin

cephalexin

32
Q

coverage of 2nd generation cephalosporins

A

GPCs (lose some staph activity)
more GNRs (Haemophilus, Enterobacter, Neisseria, +1st gen)
+/- anaerobes

does not cover enterococcus, pseudomonas

33
Q

examples of 2nd generation cephalosporins

A

cefoxitin
cefaclor
cefuroxime
cefotetan

34
Q

coverage of 3rd generation cephalosporins

A

GNRs (2nd gen + pseudomonas)
+/- anaerobic

does not cover enterococcus

35
Q

examples of 3rd generation cephalosporins

A

ceftriaxone
cefixime
cefotaxime
ceftazidime

36
Q

coverage of 4th generation cephalosporins

A

GPCs (similar to 1st gen)
GNRs (incl pseudomonas)
+/- anaerobes

does not cover enterococcus, MRSA

37
Q

example of 4th generation cephalosporins

38
Q

coverage of 5th generation cephalosporins

A

MRSA

GNRs (similar to 1st gen)

39
Q

example of 5th generation cephalosporins

A

ceftaroline

40
Q

coverage of monobactams

A

GNRs (similar to 3rd gen cephalosporin)

does not cover GPCs, anaerobes

41
Q

coverage of meropenem

A

GPCs (incl enterococcus)
GNRs (incl pseudomonas)
anaerobes

does not cover MRSA

42
Q

coverage of imipenem

A

GPCs (incl enterococcus)
GNRs (incl pseudomonas)
anaerobes

does not cover MRSA

43
Q

coverage of doripenem

A

GPCs (incl enterococcus)
GNRs (incl pseudomonas)
anaerobes

does not cover MRSA

44
Q

coverage of ertapenem

A

GPCs
GNRs
anaerobes

does not cover MRSA, enterococcus, acinetobacter, pseudomonas

45
Q

mechanism of cilastatin

A

prevents renal hydrolysis of imipenem

46
Q

which carbapenem is most likely to cause seizures?

47
Q

which carbapenem is least likely to cause seizures?

48
Q

coverage of aminoglycosides

A

GPCs
GNRs

does not cover anaerobes

49
Q

coverage of quinolones

A 
GPCs
GNRs (incl pseudomonas)

does not cover MRSA, enterococcus, anaerobes

50
Q

coverage of clindamycin

A

GPCs
anaerobes

does not cover MRSA

51
Q

adverse effects of ticarcillin, piperacillin

A

platelet inhibition

high salt load

52
Q

adverse effects of cephalosporins

A

cholestatic jaundice

sludging in gallbladder

53
Q

adverse effects of vancomycin

A

red man syndrome
HTN
nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity

54
Q

adverse effects of Bactrim

A 
erythema multiforme
hemolysis in G6PD deficiency
nephrotoxic
allergic reaction
teratogenic
55
Q

adverse effects of quinolones

A

tendon rupture
prolong QT interval
increase levels of warfarin

56
Q

adverse effects of aminoglycosides

A

nephrotoxicity/ATN (reversible)

ototoxicity (irreversible)

57
Q

adverse effects of erythromycin

A

nausea

cholestasis

58
Q

adverse effects of metronidazole

A

peripheral neuropathy

disulfiram-like reaction

59
Q

adverse effects of rifampin

A

hepatotoxicity

GI symptoms

60
Q

adverse effects of isoniazid

A

hepatotoxicity

B6 deficiency

61
Q

adverse effects of pyrazinamide

A

hepatotoxicity

62
Q

adverse effects of ethambutol

A

retrobulbar neuritis

63
Q

mechanism of amphotericin

A

polyene macrolide

binds to fungal membrane sterols -> cell lysis

64
Q

adverse effects of amphotericin

A 
nephrotoxicity
anaphylaxis
anemia
hypokalemia
hypotension
65
Q

mechanism of fluconazole

A

disruption of fungal membrane sterol synthesis

66
Q

adverse effects of fluconazole

A

nausea
vomiting
diarrhea

67
Q

mechanism of caspofungin

A

disruption of fungal membrane sterol synthesis

68
Q

best antifungal for coverage of aspergillus

A

voriconazole

69
Q

best antifungal for coverage of C. glabrata

A

caspofungin

70
Q

mechanism of sulbactam, clavulanate

A

beta-lactamase inhibitors

71
Q

coverage of Bactrim

A

GNRs
+/- GPCs (incl MRSA)

does not cover pseudomonas, enterococcus, acinetobacter, serratia

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