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ABSITE > ABSITE - GI hormones > Flashcards

ABSITE - GI hormones Flashcards

1
Q

gastrin is produced in ___ (cell type, organ)

A

G cells

stomach antrum, duodenum

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2
Q

___ stimulate gastrin secretion

A 
protein
vagal input (acetylcholine)
EtOH
antral distension
pH > 3.0
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3
Q

___ inhibit gastrin secretion

A

pH < 3.0
somatostatin
secretin
CCK

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4
Q

action of gastrin

A

enterochromaffin cells -> histamine -> parietal cells -> HCl, intrinsic factor
chief cells -> pepsinogen
increase gastric motility

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5
Q

somatostatin is produced in ___ (cell type, organ)

A

D cells
stomach antrum
small intestine
pancreas

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6
Q

___ stimulates somatostatin secretion

A

acid in duodenum

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7
Q

action of somatostatin

A

inhibits gastrin and HCl release
inhibits release of insulin, glucagon, secretin, CCK, GIP, VIP, motilin
decreases pancreatic and biliary output
slows gastric emptying

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8
Q

CCK is produced in ___ (cell type, organ)

A

I cells

duodenum

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9
Q

___ stimulate CCK secretion

A

protein, fat in duodenum

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10
Q

action of CCK

A

relaxation of sphincter of Oddi
gallbladder contraction
increased pancreatic acinar enzyme secretion
increased intestinal motility

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11
Q

secretin is produced in ___ (cell type, organ)

A

S cells

duodenum

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12
Q

___ stimulate secretin secretion

A

pH < 4.0
fat
bile

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13
Q

___ inhibit secretin secretion

A

pH > 4.0

gastrin

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14
Q

action of secretin

A

increased pancreatic ductal HCO3 secretion

increased bile flow

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15
Q

motilin is produced in ___ (cell type, organ)

A

M cells

duodenum

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16
Q

___ stimulate motilin secretion

A 
acid in duodenum
vagus input (acetylcholine)
fasting/inter-digestive phase
17
Q

___ inhibit motilin secretion

A

somatostatin
secretin
pancreatic polypeptide
fat in duodenum

18
Q

action of motilin

A

increases antrum and duodenal motility

initiates phase III (peristalsis) of the MMC

19
Q

glucagon is produced in ___ (cell type, organ)

A

alpha cells
pancreas
stomach
intestine

20
Q

___ stimulate glucagon secretion

A

decreased serum glucose
increased serum amino acids
vagus input (acetylcholine)
catecholamines

21
Q

___ inhibit glucagon secretion

A

increased serum glucose
insulin
somatostatin

22
Q

action of glucagon

A 
relax sphincter of Oddi
glycogenolysis
gluconeogenesis
lipolysis
ketogenesis
proteolysis
decrease gastric acid secretion
decrease pancreatic secretion
decrease intestinal motility
decrease gastric motility
decrease MMC
23
Q

insulin is produced by ___ (cell type, organ)

A

beta cells

pancreas

24
Q

___ stimulate insulin secretion

A

increased serum glucose
glucagon
protein ingestion

25
Q

___ inhibit insulin secretion

A

somatostatin

26
Q

action of insulin

A

cellular glucose uptake
protein synthesis
glycogen synthesis
fat synthesis

27
Q

pancreatic polypeptide is produced in ___

A

islet cells

pancreas

28
Q

action of pancreatic polypeptide

A

decreases pancreatic endocrine, exocrine function

29
Q

peptide YY is produced in ___

A

terminal ileum

30
Q

___ stimulate peptide YY secretion

A

fatty meal

31
Q

action of peptide YY

A

decrease gastric emptying
decrease gastric acid secretion
decrease pancreatic function
inhibit gallbladder contraction

32
Q

bombesin (gastrin-releasing peptide) is produced in ___

A

post-ganglionic fibers of vagus nerve

33
Q

action of bombesin

A

increases gastric acid secretion
increases intestinal motility
increases pancreatic enzyme secretion

34
Q

vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is produced in ___

A

intestine

pancreas

35
Q

___ stimulate vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) secretion

A

fat

acetylcholine

36
Q

action of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)

A

increases intestinal secretion of water, electrolytes

increases intestinal motility

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