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ABSITE > ABSITE - inflammation/immunology > Flashcards

ABSITE - inflammation/immunology Flashcards

1
Q

action of IL-2

A

promotes T cell and activated B cell proliferation
stimulates cytokine production by T cells
increases NK cell cytotoxicity

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2
Q

IL-2 is produced by ___

A

Th1 cells

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3
Q

action of IL-4

A 
promotes B cell growth differentiation
promotes T cell differentiation into Th2
inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines
fibroblast proliferation
collagen synthesis
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4
Q

IL-4 is produced by ___

A

Th2 cells

monocytes/macrophages

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5
Q

action of IL-6

A

promotes B cell maturation and differentiation, tissue factor expression.
stimulates HPAA
induces hepatic acute phase proteins such as CRP , C3, amyloid A
produces fever

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6
Q

IL-6 is produced by ___

A 
monocytes
macrophages
Th2 cells
endothelial cells
enterocytes
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7
Q

action of IL-12

A

promotes differentiation of T cells into Th1 type

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8
Q

action of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)

A

increases amount of PMN’s.

stimulates monocytes to produce TNF

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9
Q

granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is produced by ___

A

endothelial cells
monocytes
bronchial epithelium

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10
Q

action of macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF)

A

stimulates TNF, IL-1b, and PGE2 production and TLR4 expression on macrophage and monocytes
inhibits apoptosis of monocytes and macrophage

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11
Q

macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) is released by ___

A

monocytes/macrophage during inflammatory response

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12
Q

action of IL-10

A

decreases production of IL-1, TNF, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and GM-CSF by monocytes
increases expression of IL-1 receptor inhibitor by monocytes
decreases expression of INF-y and IL-2 by Th1 cells via inhibition of IL-12 production

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13
Q

action of IL-13

A

inhibit inflammatory response

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14
Q

Th0 cells -> Th1 cells is driven by ___

A

IL-12

IL-18

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15
Q

role of Th1 cells

A 
pro-inflammatory
direct cell mediated immunity
removal of intracellular pathogens
stimulate/activate macrophage
release INF-y and TNF-b (lymphotoxin)
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16
Q

Th0 cells -> Th2 cells is driven by ___

A

IL-4

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17
Q

role of Th2 cells

A 
anti-inflammatory
involved in atopy and allergic rxns
promote B cell growth/differentiation
produce IL-4, 10 and 13 (antiinflammatory)
produce IL-5, IL-6
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18
Q

Th0 cells -> Th17 cells is driven by ___

A

TGF-b + IL-6 or IL-23

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19
Q

role of Th17 cells

A

pro-inflammatory

produces IL-17A, TNF, IL-1

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20
Q

Th0 cells -> Th reg cells is driven by ___

A

TGF-b in absence of IL-6

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21
Q

role of Th reg cells

A

produces TGF-b and IL-10 (anti-inflammatory)

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22
Q

INF-y is produced by ___

A

Th1 cells
Tc cells
NK cells

23
Q

role of IFN-y

A 
activates monocytes and macrophages
upregulates IL-1, TNF, iNOS and NADPH oxidase, and IL-12 production
promotes Th0 differentiation -> Th1
inhibits Th0 differentiation -> Th2
decreases production of IL-4, IL-10
inhibit viral replication
24
Q

TNF-a is produced by ___

A

macrophages

25
Q

role of TNF-a

A

increase CAMs
induce coagulation, cachexia
activate neutrophils, macrophages -> cytokine production, cell recruitment
activate TF NF-kB
initiate apoptosis via FAS
cause myocardial depression, fever, hypothermia, tachycardia, increased CO, decrease SVR

26
Q

IL-1 is produced by ___

A

macrophages
endothelial cells
keratinocytes
fibroblasts

27
Q

role of IL-1

A

synergistic with TNF-a
increase TF NF-kB
PGE2 mediated fever in hypothalamus (raises thermal set point)
increases production of IL-6

28
Q

role of C3a

A

anaphylatoxin
induces histamine release from mast cells
causes smooth muscle contraction
stimulates chemotaxis

29
Q

role of C5a

A

binds to neutrophils, macrophages

triggers intracellular signaling, chemotaxis, enzyme release, production of ROS

30
Q

role of prostacyclin (PGI2)

A

vasodilation
bronchodilation
increase vascular permeability
decrease platelet aggregation

31
Q

role of prostaglandin E2

A

vasodilation
bronchodilation
increase vascular permeability
inhibit platelets

32
Q

role of prostaglandin D2

A

vasodilation
bronchoconstriction
increase vascular permeability
inhibit platelets

33
Q

role of leukotrienes

A 
slow-reacting substances of anaphylaxis
vasoconstriction
bronchoconstriction
increased vascular permeability
promotes chemotaxis
34
Q

role of prostaglandin F2

A

vasoconstriction

35
Q

role of thromboxane A2

A

increase platelet aggregation

vasoconstriction

36
Q

role of TGF-b

A 
key component of tissue repair
chemotactic
activates PMNs, macrophages, fibroblasts
angiogenesis
epithelialization
37
Q

role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

A 
similar to TGF-b
chemotactic
activates PMNs, macrophages, fibroblasts
angiogenesis
epithelialization
chemotactic for smooth muscle cells
38
Q

role of bradykinin

A

vasodilation
increased vascular permeability
pain
contraction of pulmonary arterioles

39
Q

role of endothelin

A

vascular smooth muscle constriction

40
Q

platelet alpha granules contain

A

platelet factor 4 - aggregation
beta-thrombomodulin - binds thrombin
PDGF - chemoattractant
TGF-b - tissue repair

41
Q

platelet dense granules contain

A

serotonin
adenosine
calcium

42
Q

type 1 hypersensitivity reaction mediated by

A

IgE
eosinophils
mast cells/basophils -> histamine, serotonin, bradykinin

43
Q

ABO blood type incompatibility is a type ___ hypersensitivity reaction

A

2

44
Q

serum sickness is a type ___ hypersensitivity

A

3

45
Q

type 2 hypersensitivity is mediated by

A

IgG or IgM reacts with cell-bound antigen

46
Q

bee sting is a type ___ hypersensitivity

A

1

47
Q

contact dermatitis is a type ___ hypersensitivity

A

4

48
Q

peanut allergy is a type ___ hypersensitivity

A

1

49
Q

type 3 hypersensitivity is mediated by

A

immune complex deposition

50
Q

type 4 hypersensitivity is mediated by

A

antigen stimulation of previously sensitized T cells (delayed type)

51
Q

Graves’ disease is a type ___ hypersensitivity

A

2

52
Q

rheumatoid arthritis is a type ___ hypersensitivity

A

3

53
Q

role of IL-8

A

attracts PMNs

promotes MMP expression

54
Q

macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) is produced by

A

injured keratinocytes

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