ABSITE - inflammation/immunology Flashcards
action of IL-2
promotes T cell and activated B cell proliferation
stimulates cytokine production by T cells
increases NK cell cytotoxicity
IL-2 is produced by ___
Th1 cells
action of IL-4
promotes B cell growth differentiation promotes T cell differentiation into Th2 inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines fibroblast proliferation collagen synthesis
IL-4 is produced by ___
Th2 cells
monocytes/macrophages
action of IL-6
promotes B cell maturation and differentiation, tissue factor expression.
stimulates HPAA
induces hepatic acute phase proteins such as CRP , C3, amyloid A
produces fever
IL-6 is produced by ___
monocytes macrophages Th2 cells endothelial cells enterocytes
action of IL-12
promotes differentiation of T cells into Th1 type
action of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
increases amount of PMN’s.
stimulates monocytes to produce TNF
granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is produced by ___
endothelial cells
monocytes
bronchial epithelium
action of macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF)
stimulates TNF, IL-1b, and PGE2 production and TLR4 expression on macrophage and monocytes
inhibits apoptosis of monocytes and macrophage
macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) is released by ___
monocytes/macrophage during inflammatory response
action of IL-10
decreases production of IL-1, TNF, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and GM-CSF by monocytes
increases expression of IL-1 receptor inhibitor by monocytes
decreases expression of INF-y and IL-2 by Th1 cells via inhibition of IL-12 production
action of IL-13
inhibit inflammatory response
Th0 cells -> Th1 cells is driven by ___
IL-12
IL-18
role of Th1 cells
pro-inflammatory direct cell mediated immunity removal of intracellular pathogens stimulate/activate macrophage release INF-y and TNF-b (lymphotoxin)
Th0 cells -> Th2 cells is driven by ___
IL-4
role of Th2 cells
anti-inflammatory involved in atopy and allergic rxns promote B cell growth/differentiation produce IL-4, 10 and 13 (antiinflammatory) produce IL-5, IL-6
Th0 cells -> Th17 cells is driven by ___
TGF-b + IL-6 or IL-23
role of Th17 cells
pro-inflammatory
produces IL-17A, TNF, IL-1
Th0 cells -> Th reg cells is driven by ___
TGF-b in absence of IL-6
role of Th reg cells
produces TGF-b and IL-10 (anti-inflammatory)
INF-y is produced by ___
Th1 cells
Tc cells
NK cells
role of IFN-y
activates monocytes and macrophages upregulates IL-1, TNF, iNOS and NADPH oxidase, and IL-12 production promotes Th0 differentiation -> Th1 inhibits Th0 differentiation -> Th2 decreases production of IL-4, IL-10 inhibit viral replication
TNF-a is produced by ___
macrophages
role of TNF-a
increase CAMs
induce coagulation, cachexia
activate neutrophils, macrophages -> cytokine production, cell recruitment
activate TF NF-kB
initiate apoptosis via FAS
cause myocardial depression, fever, hypothermia, tachycardia, increased CO, decrease SVR
IL-1 is produced by ___
macrophages
endothelial cells
keratinocytes
fibroblasts
role of IL-1
synergistic with TNF-a
increase TF NF-kB
PGE2 mediated fever in hypothalamus (raises thermal set point)
increases production of IL-6
role of C3a
anaphylatoxin
induces histamine release from mast cells
causes smooth muscle contraction
stimulates chemotaxis
role of C5a
binds to neutrophils, macrophages
triggers intracellular signaling, chemotaxis, enzyme release, production of ROS
role of prostacyclin (PGI2)
vasodilation
bronchodilation
increase vascular permeability
decrease platelet aggregation
role of prostaglandin E2
vasodilation
bronchodilation
increase vascular permeability
inhibit platelets
role of prostaglandin D2
vasodilation
bronchoconstriction
increase vascular permeability
inhibit platelets
role of leukotrienes
slow-reacting substances of anaphylaxis vasoconstriction bronchoconstriction increased vascular permeability promotes chemotaxis
role of prostaglandin F2
vasoconstriction
role of thromboxane A2
increase platelet aggregation
vasoconstriction
role of TGF-b
key component of tissue repair chemotactic activates PMNs, macrophages, fibroblasts angiogenesis epithelialization
role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
similar to TGF-b chemotactic activates PMNs, macrophages, fibroblasts angiogenesis epithelialization chemotactic for smooth muscle cells
role of bradykinin
vasodilation
increased vascular permeability
pain
contraction of pulmonary arterioles
role of endothelin
vascular smooth muscle constriction
platelet alpha granules contain
platelet factor 4 - aggregation
beta-thrombomodulin - binds thrombin
PDGF - chemoattractant
TGF-b - tissue repair
platelet dense granules contain
serotonin
adenosine
calcium
type 1 hypersensitivity reaction mediated by
IgE
eosinophils
mast cells/basophils -> histamine, serotonin, bradykinin
ABO blood type incompatibility is a type ___ hypersensitivity reaction
2
serum sickness is a type ___ hypersensitivity
3
type 2 hypersensitivity is mediated by
IgG or IgM reacts with cell-bound antigen
bee sting is a type ___ hypersensitivity
1
contact dermatitis is a type ___ hypersensitivity
4
peanut allergy is a type ___ hypersensitivity
1
type 3 hypersensitivity is mediated by
immune complex deposition
type 4 hypersensitivity is mediated by
antigen stimulation of previously sensitized T cells (delayed type)
Graves’ disease is a type ___ hypersensitivity
2
rheumatoid arthritis is a type ___ hypersensitivity
3
role of IL-8
attracts PMNs
promotes MMP expression
macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) is produced by
injured keratinocytes
