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Blood Banking > ABO Blood Group > Flashcards

ABO Blood Group Flashcards

1
Q

Book of Landsteiner for ABO blood group

A

The Specificity of Serologic Reactions

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2
Q

Leading cause of death in hemolytic transfusion reactions

A

Transfusion of wrong ABO group

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3
Q

Most severe HTR

A

ABO incompatibility

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4
Q

Frequent cause of death in ABO-related HTR

A

TRALI

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5
Q

The basic precursor substances added sugars for glycosyl transferases

A

Paragloboside/Glycan

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6
Q

Amorphic gene. Not code for any enzymes

A

O gene

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7
Q

ABO gene with higher concentration of transferases. 810,000 to 1,170,000 Ag sites

A

A gene

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8
Q

ABO genes with 610,000 to 830,000 Ag sites

A

B gene

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9
Q

Substance for sugars to attach to RBCs. Found on RBC surface

A

Ceramide

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10
Q

Theory for Inheritance of ABO groups

A

Bernstein (1924)

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11
Q

An individual inherits one ABO gene from each parent and that these two genes determining which ABO antigens are present on the RPC membrane

A

Codominance

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12
Q

ABO genes is:
A. Autosomal
B. Codominant
C. Dominant
D. Amorph
E. Autosomal recessive

A

A. Autosomal

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13
Q

A and B blood genes are:
A. Autosomal
B. Codominant
C. Dominant
D. Amorph
E. Autosomal recessive

A

B. Codominant

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14
Q

A and B blood groups are:
A. Autosomal
B. Codominant
C. Dominant
D. Amorph
E. Autosomal recessive

A

C. Dominant

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15
Q

O gene, no detectable antigen is produced in response to the inheritance of this gene:
A. Autosomal
B. Codominant
C. Dominant
D. Amorph
E. Autosomal recessive

A

D. Amorph

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16
Q

Group O phenotype is ____; inheritance of two non-functional genes:
A. Autosomal
B. Codominant
C. Dominant
D. Amorph
E. Autosomal recessive

A

E. Autosomal recessive

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17
Q

Detected through molecular/genetic studies

A

Genotype

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18
Q

Genotype of two identical alleles

A

Homozygous

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19
Q

Genotype of different inherited alleles

A

Heterozygous

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20
Q

Detected through serologic testing

A

Phenotype

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21
Q

ABO ISBT#

A

001

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22
Q

ABO gene chromosome

A

9q34.2

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23
Q

FUT1 chromosome

A

H gene - 19

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24
Q

FUT2 chromosome

A

Se gene - 19

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25
Q

Glycosyltransferase and immunodominant sugar of H gene

A

a-2-L-fucosyltransferase; L-fucose

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26
Q

Glycosyltransferase and immunodominant sugar of A gene

A

a-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase; N-acetyl-D-galactosamine

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27
Q

Glycosyltransferase and immunodominant sugar of B gene

A

a-3-D-galactosyltransferase; D-galactose

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28
Q

T/F: the H Ag is needed for the formation of A & B Ag.

A

T

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29
Q

Jansky (Czech) ABO blood group nomenclature

A

O (I), A (II), B (III), AB (IV)

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30
Q

Moss (US) ABO blood group nomenclature

A

O (IV), A (II), B (III), AB (I)

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31
Q

Frequency of Blood types (Most to Least)

A

O > A > B > AB

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32
Q

O blood group frequency (Whites/Blacks/Asians)

A

45%/50%/40%

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33
Q

A blood group frequency (Whites/Blacks/Asians)

A

40%/26%/28%

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34
Q

B blood group frequency (Whites/Blacks/Asians)

A

11%/20%/25%

35
Q

AB blood group frequency (Whites/Blacks/Asians)

36
Q

ABO Ag form as early as ____; with only ____% of number of antigenic sites carried by RBC neonates and found on adult RBCs

A

37th day of fetal life; 25-50%

37
Q

Full expression of ABO Ag is found at what age

38
Q

ABO Ag in RBCs; what type of precursor chains and linkage: controlled by what genes

A

Type 2 (Beta 1-4 linkage); A, B, H genes

39
Q

ABO Ag in Secretions; what type of precursor chains and linkage: controlled by what genes

A

Type 1 (Beta 1-3 linkage); A, B, H, Se genes

40
Q

Secretor genes; % of population

A

Sese or SeSe; 80%

41
Q

Non-secretor gene; % of population

42
Q

ABH substances found in:

A

DUBSTAMP
digestive juices
urine
bile
saliva
tears
amniotic fluid
milk
pathological fluid (pleural/peritoneal/pericardial/ovarian cyst)

43
Q

Excessive ABH substances in secretions is found in:

A

PIC
pseudomucinous ovarian cyst
intestinal obstruction
carcinoma of the stomach and pancreas

44
Q

Secretor status is determined by what priniciple; what specimen

A

Hemagglutination inhibition; Saliva

45
Q

Positive result of hemagglutionation inhibition assay

A

No agglutionation

46
Q

Unbranched and straight chain forms of H Ag:

47
Q

Reactivity of anti-H antisera with ABO blood groups (greatest to least)

A

O > A2 > B > A2B > A1 > A1B

48
Q

A Subgroups:
Reacts with anti-A1, anti-A, and anti-AB

49
Q

A Subgroups:
Reacts with anti-A, and anti-AB only

50
Q

A Subgroups:
MF rxn with anti-A and anti-AB

51
Q

A Subgroups:
Reacts with Anti-AB, no rxn with anti-A

52
Q

A Subgroups:
MF rxn with anti-A and anti-AB but with only few agglutinates (<10%)

53
Q

A Subgroups:
Weak/No rxn with anti-A and anti-AB (with adsorption/elution)

54
Q

A Subgroups:
No rxn with anti-A and anti-AB (with adsorption/elution)

55
Q

A Subgroups:
No rxn with anti-A and anti-AB observed in sibling with germline mutation (with adsorption/elution)

56
Q

Small agglutinates within prodominantly unagglutinated red cells

A

Mixed-field

57
Q

Removal of unbound antibodies from serum

A

Adsorption

58
Q

Removal of bound antibodies from surfaces of RBCs

59
Q

A1 phenotype:
% of A blood group; antigenic sites for A and H; Ag present; rxn to Anti-A with anti-A1; rxn to lectin; Abs present

A

80%; more sites for A, less for H; A1/A; (+) Anti-A; (+) Dilochus biflorus; Anti-B

60
Q

A2 phenotype:
% of A blood group; antigenic sites for A and H; Ag present; rxn to Anti-A with anti-A1; rxn to lectin; Abs present

A

20%; more sites for H, less for A; A; (+) Anti-A; (0) Dilochus biflorus; Anti-B, Anti-A1

61
Q

Structure characteristics of A2 RBCs

A

Aa and Ab predominant; unconverted H3 and H4 antigenic sites

62
Q

Structure characteristics of A1 RBCs

A

Aa, Ab, Ac, Ad ; converted H3 and H4 antigenic sites

63
Q

B Subgroups:
Reacts with anti-B and anti-AB

64
Q

B Subgroups:
MF reaction with anti-B and anti-AB, most frequent B subtype

65
Q

B Subgroups:
Weak rxn with anti-B and anti-AB

66
Q

B Subgroups:
No/Weak rxn with anti-B and anti-AB, converts to B if incubated with uracil diphosphate (with adsoprtion/elution)

67
Q

B Subgroups:
No rxn with anti-B and anti-AB, extremely rare (with adsoption/elution)

68
Q

Oh/Hnull (Ahh/Bhh/ABhh) “O blood group”

A

Bombay Phenotype

69
Q

hh genotype; non-secretor

70
Q

Bombay phenotype Ag and Abs:

A

No ABH; anti-A, anti-B, anti-AB, and anti-H

71
Q

hh genotype; secretor

A

Parabombay

72
Q

ABO antibodies are what immunoglobulin?

A

IgM > IgG > IgA

73
Q

ABO antibodies react at what temperature?

A

RT (20-24oC)

74
Q

Ab that is IgM in nature; IgG found in O individuals

A

Anti-A and Anti-B

75
Q

Ab that is IgG in nature; cause ABO HDN; found in O individuals only; a cross-reacting Ab

76
Q

ABO Ab is produced at birth and detected only at what months of age

A

3-6 months (4-6 months)

77
Q

Plant or seed extracts that agglutinate human cells with some degree of specificity

78
Q

Anti-A1 Lectin

A

Dilochos biflorus

79
Q

Anti-B Lectin

A

Bandeiraea simplicifolia

80
Q

Anti-H Lectin

A

Ulex europeaus

81
Q

Anti-N Lectin

A

Vicia graminea

82
Q

Anti-M Lectin

A

Iberis amara

83
Q

Anti-T, Th Lectin

A

Arachis hypogaea

84
Q

Anti-Tn Lectin

A

Salvia sclarea

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