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Abnormalities Flashcards

1
Q

Seborrhea

A

oily

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2
Q

Xerosis

A

Dry

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3
Q

Alopecia

A

Significant hair loss

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4
Q

Hirsutism

A

Shaggy or excessive hair

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5
Q

Vitiligo

A

complete absence of melanin pigment

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6
Q

Cyanosis

A

bluish mottled color from decreased perfusion

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7
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellowish skin color
Rising amounts of bilirubin
Occurs with hepatitis, cirrhosis, sickle-cell disease, transfusion rxn, hemolytic disease

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8
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Perfuse perspiration

Occurs with heart attack, anxiety, pain

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9
Q

Dehydration

A

Mucous membranes are dry, lips look parched & cracked

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10
Q

Edema

A

fluid accumulating in interstitial spaces

shows in dependent body parts (feet, ankles, & sacral areas)

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11
Q

Anasarca

A

Bilateral edema, edema that is generalized over whole body

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12
Q

Cherry (senile) angiomas

A

smooth, slightly raised bright red dots

commonly appear on trunk of adults

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13
Q

Clubbing of nails

A

180 degrees, occurs with congenital cyanotic heart disease, lung cancer, & pulmonary diseases

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14
Q

Mongolian spot

A

common variation of hyperpigmentation

blue-black-to-purple macular area at the sacrum or buttocks

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15
Q

Cafe au lait spot

A

large round or oval patch of light brown pigmentation

Usually present at birth

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16
Q

Harlequin color change

A

Occurs when baby is in a side-lying position, lower half turns red and upper half blanches

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17
Q

Erythema toxicum

A

common rash that appears in first 3-4 days of life

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18
Q

Acrocyanosis

A

bluish color around lips, hands & fingernails

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19
Q

Cutis marmorata

A

transient mottling in trunk & extremities in response to cooler room temp

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20
Q

Carotenemia

A

Yellow-orange color in light-skinned persons

no yellowing in sclera or mucous membranes

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21
Q

Milia

A

tiny white papules on forehead & eyelids, cheeks, nose, chin, caused by sebum that occludes opening of follicles

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22
Q

Nevus simplex

A

Vascular birthmark, flat, irregular shaped red or pink patch

Present at birth and usually fades during 1st year

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23
Q

Striae

A

Jagged linear, “stretch marks”, of sliver-to-pink color that appear during pregnancy

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24
Q

Linea nigra

A

brownish-black line down the midline

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25
Chloasma
irregular brown patch of hyperpigmentation on face
26
Vascular spiders
lesions have tiny red centers with radiating branches, common in pregnancy
27
Senile Lentigines
common variations of hyperpigmentation, "liver spots", occur after extensive sun exposure
28
Keratoses
Raised, thickened areas of pigmentation | look crusted, scaly
29
Seborrheic Keratosis
Look dark, greasy, & stuck on
30
Actinic (senile or solar) Keratosis
red-tan scaly plaques that increase over years to become raised & roughened
31
Acrochordons
"skin tags", overgrowths of normal skin that form a stalk & polyp-like
32
Sebaceous hyperplasia
raised yellow papules with a central depression
33
Presyncope
light-headed, swimming sensation or feeling of fainting or falling caused by decreased blood flow to brain or hear irregularity caused by decreased cardiac output
34
Vertigo
true rotational spinning, from labyrinthine-vestibular disorder in inner ear Objective: feels like room is spinning Subjective: person feels like he or she is spinning
35
Disequilibrium
shakiness or instability when walking related to musculoskeletal disorder
36
Normocephalic
a round symmetric skull that is appropriate related to body size
37
Lymphadenopathy
Enlargement of lymph nodes
38
Microcephalic
Head size less than norms for age
39
Macrocephalic
enlarged head or head rapidly increasing in size
40
Caput succedaneum
edematous swelling & ecchymosis of presenting part of head caused by birth trauma
41
Cephalohematoma
Subperiosteal hemorrhage, result of birth trauma
42
Positional Plagiocephaly
May occur as the infant continually sleeps on back
43
Scotoma
blind spot inside an area of normal or decreased vision, occurs with glaucoma
44
Photophobia
Inability to tolerate light
45
Diplopia
Perception of 2 images of a singe object
46
Glaucoma
Optic nerve neuropathy characterized by loss of peripheral vision
47
Presbyopia
Decrease in power of accommodation w/aging
48
Nystagmus
a fine oscillating movement best seen around iris
49
Scleral icterus
Even yellowing of sclera extending up to the cornea
50
Anisocoria
pupils of 2 different sizes
51
Strabismus
Squint, crossed eyes, causes disconjugate vision b/c one eye deviates off the fixation point
52
Pseudostrabismus
flase appearance of malalignment of epicanthal folds
53
Pingueculae
Yellowish elevated nodules
54
Arcus Senilis
cloudy cornea
55
Xanthelasma
soft, raised, yellow lipid-laden plaques occurring on the lids at inner canthus
56
Cataract
clouding of the crystalline lens
57
Age-related macular degeneration
loss of central vision caused by yellow deposits & neovascularity in the macula
58
Otalgia
occurs directly from ear disease
59
Presbycusis
Gradual onset over years, bilateral, mostly high-frequency loss, worse in noisy environments
60
Tinnitus
Perception of sound w/out external source
61
Darwin tubercle
Small painless nodule at helix
62
Conductive Hearing Loss
involves mechanical dysfunction of external or middle ear, partial loss b/c can still hear is amplitude is increased
63
Sensorineural
inner ear, increasing volume doesnt help,
64
Mixed
Combo of conductive & sensorineural
65
Otosclerosis
Cause of conductive hearing loss in young adults
66
Otitis Media (OM)
middle ear infection, occurs b/c of obstruction of eustachian tube or passage of nasopharyngeal secretions into middle ear
67
Rhinorrhea
occurs with cold, allergies, sinus infection, trauma
68
Epistaxis
nosebleeds, occurs with trauma, vigorous nose blowing, foreign body
69
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
70
Xerostomia
Dry mouth
71
Epstein Pearls
Normal finding in newborns & infants
72
Bednar aphthae
Traumatic areas or ulcers on the posterior hard palate on either side of midline
73
Torus palatinus
benign bony ridge running in the middle of hard palate
74
Orthopnea
Difficulty breathing when supine
75
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
awakening from sleep with SOB & needing to be upright to achieve comfort
76
Crepitus
Coarse, crackling sensation palpable over skin surface
77
Hyperresonance
lower-pitched, booming sound found when too much air is present
78
Barrel Chest
Horizontal ribs and costal angle >90 degrees
79
Kyphosis
outward curvature of thoracic spine
80
Pectus excavatum
sunken sternum
81
Pectus carinatum
protrusion of sternum
82
Scoliosis
lateral s-shaped curvature of thoracic &lumbar spine
83
Nocturia
recumbency at night promotes fluid resorption & exerction
84
Heave or Lift
Sustained forceful thrus

Foundations (10 decks)

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