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Foundations > Abnormalities > Flashcards

Abnormalities Flashcards

1
Q

Seborrhea

A

oily

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2
Q

Xerosis

A

Dry

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3
Q

Alopecia

A

Significant hair loss

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4
Q

Hirsutism

A

Shaggy or excessive hair

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5
Q

Vitiligo

A

complete absence of melanin pigment

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6
Q

Cyanosis

A

bluish mottled color from decreased perfusion

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7
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellowish skin color
Rising amounts of bilirubin
Occurs with hepatitis, cirrhosis, sickle-cell disease, transfusion rxn, hemolytic disease

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8
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Perfuse perspiration

Occurs with heart attack, anxiety, pain

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9
Q

Dehydration

A

Mucous membranes are dry, lips look parched & cracked

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10
Q

Edema

A

fluid accumulating in interstitial spaces

shows in dependent body parts (feet, ankles, & sacral areas)

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11
Q

Anasarca

A

Bilateral edema, edema that is generalized over whole body

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12
Q

Cherry (senile) angiomas

A

smooth, slightly raised bright red dots

commonly appear on trunk of adults

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13
Q

Clubbing of nails

A

180 degrees, occurs with congenital cyanotic heart disease, lung cancer, & pulmonary diseases

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14
Q

Mongolian spot

A

common variation of hyperpigmentation

blue-black-to-purple macular area at the sacrum or buttocks

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15
Q

Cafe au lait spot

A

large round or oval patch of light brown pigmentation

Usually present at birth

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16
Q

Harlequin color change

A

Occurs when baby is in a side-lying position, lower half turns red and upper half blanches

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17
Q

Erythema toxicum

A

common rash that appears in first 3-4 days of life

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18
Q

Acrocyanosis

A

bluish color around lips, hands & fingernails

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19
Q

Cutis marmorata

A

transient mottling in trunk & extremities in response to cooler room temp

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20
Q

Carotenemia

A

Yellow-orange color in light-skinned persons

no yellowing in sclera or mucous membranes

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21
Q

Milia

A

tiny white papules on forehead & eyelids, cheeks, nose, chin, caused by sebum that occludes opening of follicles

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22
Q

Nevus simplex

A

Vascular birthmark, flat, irregular shaped red or pink patch

Present at birth and usually fades during 1st year

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23
Q

Striae

A

Jagged linear, “stretch marks”, of sliver-to-pink color that appear during pregnancy

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24
Q

Linea nigra

A

brownish-black line down the midline

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25
Q

Chloasma

A

irregular brown patch of hyperpigmentation on face

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26
Q

Vascular spiders

A

lesions have tiny red centers with radiating branches, common in pregnancy

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27
Q

Senile Lentigines

A

common variations of hyperpigmentation, “liver spots”, occur after extensive sun exposure

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28
Q

Keratoses

A

Raised, thickened areas of pigmentation

look crusted, scaly

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29
Q

Seborrheic Keratosis

A

Look dark, greasy, & stuck on

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30
Q

Actinic (senile or solar) Keratosis

A

red-tan scaly plaques that increase over years to become raised & roughened

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31
Q

Acrochordons

A

“skin tags”, overgrowths of normal skin that form a stalk & polyp-like

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32
Q

Sebaceous hyperplasia

A

raised yellow papules with a central depression

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33
Q

Presyncope

A

light-headed, swimming sensation or feeling of fainting or falling caused by decreased blood flow to brain or hear irregularity caused by decreased cardiac output

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34
Q

Vertigo

A

true rotational spinning, from labyrinthine-vestibular disorder in inner ear
Objective: feels like room is spinning
Subjective: person feels like he or she is spinning

35
Q

Disequilibrium

A

shakiness or instability when walking related to musculoskeletal disorder

36
Q

Normocephalic

A

a round symmetric skull that is appropriate related to body size

37
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Enlargement of lymph nodes

38
Q

Microcephalic

A

Head size less than norms for age

39
Q

Macrocephalic

A

enlarged head or head rapidly increasing in size

40
Q

Caput succedaneum

A

edematous swelling & ecchymosis of presenting part of head caused by birth trauma

41
Q

Cephalohematoma

A

Subperiosteal hemorrhage, result of birth trauma

42
Q

Positional Plagiocephaly

A

May occur as the infant continually sleeps on back

43
Q

Scotoma

A

blind spot inside an area of normal or decreased vision, occurs with glaucoma

44
Q

Photophobia

A

Inability to tolerate light

45
Q

Diplopia

A

Perception of 2 images of a singe object

46
Q

Glaucoma

A

Optic nerve neuropathy characterized by loss of peripheral vision

47
Q

Presbyopia

A

Decrease in power of accommodation w/aging

48
Q

Nystagmus

A

a fine oscillating movement best seen around iris

49
Q

Scleral icterus

A

Even yellowing of sclera extending up to the cornea

50
Q

Anisocoria

A

pupils of 2 different sizes

51
Q

Strabismus

A

Squint, crossed eyes, causes disconjugate vision b/c one eye deviates off the fixation point

52
Q

Pseudostrabismus

A

flase appearance of malalignment of epicanthal folds

53
Q

Pingueculae

A

Yellowish elevated nodules

54
Q

Arcus Senilis

A

cloudy cornea

55
Q

Xanthelasma

A

soft, raised, yellow lipid-laden plaques occurring on the lids at inner canthus

56
Q

Cataract

A

clouding of the crystalline lens

57
Q

Age-related macular degeneration

A

loss of central vision caused by yellow deposits & neovascularity in the macula

58
Q

Otalgia

A

occurs directly from ear disease

59
Q

Presbycusis

A

Gradual onset over years, bilateral, mostly high-frequency loss, worse in noisy environments

60
Q

Tinnitus

A

Perception of sound w/out external source

61
Q

Darwin tubercle

A

Small painless nodule at helix

62
Q

Conductive Hearing Loss

A

involves mechanical dysfunction of external or middle ear, partial loss b/c can still hear is amplitude is increased

63
Q

Sensorineural

A

inner ear, increasing volume doesnt help,

64
Q

Mixed

A

Combo of conductive & sensorineural

65
Q

Otosclerosis

A

Cause of conductive hearing loss in young adults

66
Q

Otitis Media (OM)

A

middle ear infection, occurs b/c of obstruction of eustachian tube or passage of nasopharyngeal secretions into middle ear

67
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

occurs with cold, allergies, sinus infection, trauma

68
Q

Epistaxis

A

nosebleeds, occurs with trauma, vigorous nose blowing, foreign body

69
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

70
Q

Xerostomia

A

Dry mouth

71
Q

Epstein Pearls

A

Normal finding in newborns & infants

72
Q

Bednar aphthae

A

Traumatic areas or ulcers on the posterior hard palate on either side of midline

73
Q

Torus palatinus

A

benign bony ridge running in the middle of hard palate

74
Q

Orthopnea

A

Difficulty breathing when supine

75
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

awakening from sleep with SOB & needing to be upright to achieve comfort

76
Q

Crepitus

A

Coarse, crackling sensation palpable over skin surface

77
Q

Hyperresonance

A

lower-pitched, booming sound found when too much air is present

78
Q

Barrel Chest

A

Horizontal ribs and costal angle >90 degrees

79
Q

Kyphosis

A

outward curvature of thoracic spine

80
Q

Pectus excavatum

A

sunken sternum

81
Q

Pectus carinatum

A

protrusion of sternum

82
Q

Scoliosis

A

lateral s-shaped curvature of thoracic &lumbar spine

83
Q

Nocturia

A

recumbency at night promotes fluid resorption & exerction

84
Q

Heave or Lift

A

Sustained forceful thrus

Foundations (10 decks)

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