ABI - Treatment Flashcards
Sensory Augmentation
Promotes higher cortical activation in primary and secondary areas, facilitating interpretation and selection processes in S1, A1, V1,2,3, AC, PFC, SMA and Speech centers.
Supports neuroplasticity.
Approximation and Co-contraction
Offering resistance stimulates proprioceptors. Helps patients with dysmetria due to ataxia or dystonia on tasks that require precision. Progression would be reducing the resistance to improve motor control.
Cueing
Auditory or visual.
Guiding patient through his own sensory inputs.
Visual cueing for patients with impairment in building or following a motor plan (PD & neglect).
Cognitive training
Use of attention (dual task), memory and reasoning show significant impact on motor learning processes, reducing rehabilitation time. Help make skills less conscious and more automatic.
Manual Facilitation
Making it easy to make it possible. Using key points of control to guide the movement.
Facilitation through Sensory Stimulus (4)
Approximation/co-contraction/proprioceptive inputs.
Touch (KPC)
Temperature, pressure, surface sensation.
Cognitive tasks that rely on sensory information.
Techniques for Unilateral Spatial Neglect
VST (Visual scanning training)
LAT (Limb activation treatment)
VST
Improve visual scanning behavior.
Actively and consciously pay attention to stimuli on the contra-lesional side.
Progressively/gradually increasing perception of the affected side.
LAT
Calling attention to the affected limb.
Not used on it’s own.
CIMT
Constraint induced movement therapy.
Forced use, by impairing non-affected limb to enhance use of affected extremity. Using non-affected arm to help with balance or hold something, so that the patient is forced to do the task with the affected side.
AO
Action observation.
Observing an action before executing it.
Positive results in gross UL function, gait parameters and reduction of spasticity.
Motor Imagery
Mental process, activity imagined by patient before execution. Relying on patient being able to imagine the action in a proper way.
MVF
Mirror visual feedback.
Affected extremity hidden behind a mirror, patient watching in the mirror while doing an action with non-affected side. Movement is mentally built to facilitate activation of lesioned cortical area (M1, S1).
VR
Virtual Reality.
High visual feedback can be provided but other sensory systems are less stimulated. Pretty low evidence.
Early Facilitation
Patient not stable enough to do gait exercises. Facilitate movements that will later be needed for gait, improving motor control on affected LL. Sitting or supported standing. Improves AROM/PROM.
