ABI - Review

Question 1

ACA - Areas affected

Answer 1

SMA
M1
S1
Portion of Broca
aCC
mPFC
dlPFC
vmPFC
vlPFC

Question 2

MCA - Areas affected

Answer 2

M1
S1
PMC
Wernicke
Broca
psPC
piPC
TP

Question 3

PCA - Areas affected

Answer 3

V1,2,3

Question 4

Frontal Lobe - Areas Affected

Answer 4

M1, SMA, PMC, PFC, Broca

Question 5

Parietal Lobe - Areas Affected

Answer 5

psPC, piPC, S1

Question 6

Temporal Lobe - Areas Affected

Answer 6

TP, A1, Wernicke

Question 7

Occipital Lobe - Areas Affected

Answer 7

V1,2,3

Question 8

SMA

Answer 8

Short term procedural memory
Spatial navigation

Question 9

M1

Answer 9

UMNS, Spasticity (ACA-LL) (MCA-UL), Losing motor control not strength, balance impaired.

Question 10

S1

Answer 10

Hypoesthesia, paraesthesia, anaesthesia, lesser sensation (ACA-LL, MCA-UL). Proprioception deficit, use it alot for spatial orientation, can be affected too.

Question 11

aCC

Answer 11

Attention, decision making. Increased cognitive load in tasks.
Can’t inhibit AM -> anxiety, everything is a threat. Fear extinction: never letting go of the fear -> FoF.

Question 12

mPFC

Answer 12

Memory and reasoning, planning.
dmPFC: working memory and it’s relation to emotional modulation

Question 13

dlPFC

Answer 13

Right: behavior strategy, behavior issues, frustrates easily.
Left: difficulty to develop, find and perform motor strategies.

Question 14

vmPFC

Answer 14

OFC
Social behavior, identity of patient.
Behavioral issues, issues with how to adapt in life.
Fear extinction: cannot overcome the fear.

Question 15

vlPFC

Answer 15

Adaptive behavior, behavioral issiues.

Question 16

PMC

Answer 16

Long term procedural memory. Lose ability to do complex tasks (motor procedures, memory consolidation takes longer).

Question 17

Wernicke

Answer 17

Speech understanding deficit

Question 18

Broca

Answer 18

Speech production deficit

Question 19

psPC/piPC

Answer 19

Spatial orientation, creating a mental pic of activity. Balance deficit. Sends info to SMA -> spatial navigation deficit.

Question 20

TP

Answer 20

Left: Communication. B+A1+TP=aphasia.
Right: perception of environment and self. Prospection (anticipating). TP+psPC/piPC+THA=neglect.

Question 21

V1,2,3

Answer 21

Hemianopia (loss of one half of visual field)

Question 22

UL special considerations and red flags

Answer 22

• Shoulder luxation/sub-luxation: concerns for positioning and transfer
• Loss of mobility and shoulder-hand syndrome related to positioning and non-use
• Increase of muscle tone by repetitive movement against resistance in patients with spasticity (repetitive movements, speed (velocity), pain, cognitive load, fatigue, resistance)
• Reduced activity and immobility

Question 23

LL special considerations and red flags

Answer 23

• Loss of postural control due to the inappropriate use (or the non- use) of necessary key points of control
• Insufficient offer of support possibilities for patients with low postural control and/or endurance
• Lack of provided support during activities, based on patient’s subjective rating of function
• Inappropriate footwear and/or excessively challenging environment
• Complexity of the activities (standing or gait) for patients with severe cognitive impairment