abdominal wall and intestines

Question 1

what is the function of the external oblique muscle?

Answer 1

contralateral rotation of the torso

Question 2

what is the origin and insertion of the external oblique muscle?

Answer 2

o - ribs 5-12

i - iliac crest, pubis tubercle, linea alba

Question 3

what is the external oblique aponeurosis?

Answer 3

a thin but strong membranous structure, it’s fibres are directed downwards and medially.
above it is covered by and gives the origin to the pectoralis major.
below it’s fibres are closely aggregated together and extend obliquely across from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle and pectineal line.

Question 4

what is the function of the internal oblique muscle?

Answer 4

compresses the abdomen; unilateral contraction rotates verterbral column to same side.

Question 5

what is the origin and insertion of the internal oblique muscle?

Answer 5

o - ingual ligaments, iliac crest and lumbodoral fascia.

i - linea alba, pectin pubis and ribs 10-12

Question 6

which artery supplies the internal oblique muscle?

Answer 6

the subcostal arteries.

Question 7

what is the function of the transverse abdominis muscle?

Answer 7

compresses abdominal contents

Question 8

what is the origin and insertion of the transverse abdominis muscle?

Answer 8

o - iliac crest, ingual ligament, thoracolumber fascia and costal cartilages.

Question 9

what artery supplies the transverse abdominis muscle?

Answer 9

the subcostal arteries

Question 10

what is the function of the rectus abdominis muscle?

Answer 10

flexion of the lumbar spine

Question 11

what is the origin and insertion of the rectus abdominis?

Answer 11

o - crest of the pubis

i - costal cartilage of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process

Question 12

what is the arterial supply to the rectus abdominus?

Answer 12

the inferior epigastric artery

Question 13

where does the superior epigastric artery arise from? where does it anastomose and what with?

Answer 13

arises from internal thoracic artery.

anastamoses with the inferior epigastric artery at the umbullicus

Question 14

where does the inferior epigastric artery arise from? where does it anastamos and what with?

Answer 14

arises from the external iliac artery and anastomoses with the superior epigastric artery at the umbullicus.

Question 15

what is the greater omentum?

Answer 15

it is a large apron like fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach.

Question 16

what is the jejunum?

Answer 16

part of the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum

Question 17

what is the ileum?

Answer 17

part of the small intestine following the jejunum

Question 18

what seperates the ileum and caecum?

Answer 18

the ileocecal valve

Question 19

what is the caecum?

Answer 19

it is an intraperitoneal pouch between the small and large intestine. it’s considered the beginning of the colon, it connects the ileum to the ascending colon.

Question 20

what is the appendix?

Answer 20

a blind ended tube connect to the caecum

Question 21

what are the plicae circularis?

Answer 21

the numerous crescentic folds of mucous membrane found in the small intestine, especially in the lower part of the duodenum and jejunum.

Question 22

what is meckel’s diverticulum?

Answer 22

it’s a true congenital diverticulum, a slight bulge in the small intestine prescent at birth and a vestigial remnant of the omphalomesentric duct (joins yolk to part of developing lumen) present in 2% pop, males experience more symptoms.

Question 23

what is the ascending colon?

Answer 23

the first main part of the colon, passes upwards from caecum on the right hand side of the abdomen.

Question 24

what is the hepatic flexure?

Answer 24

it is the flexure between the ascending and transverse colon

Question 25

what is the transverse colon?

Answer 25

the middle part of the colon, passing from right to left across the abdomen below the stomach.

Question 26

what is the splenic flexure?

Answer 26

the flexure between the transverse and descending colon

Question 27

what is the descending colon?

Answer 27

part of the colon on the left hand side of the abdomen, passes downwards towards the rectum.

Question 28

what is the sigmoid colon?

Answer 28

the S shaped part of the colon that leads to the rectum from the descending colon

Question 29

what is the taenia coli?

Answer 29

they are 3 ribbons of longitudinal muscle on the outside of the colon.

Question 30

what are haustrations?

Answer 30

they are small pouches caused by sacculation, this give the colon it’s segmented appearance.

Question 31

what is the epiploic appendix?

Answer 31

small pouches of peritoneum filled with fat and situated along the legnth of the colon. (cheifly in transverse and sigmoidal parts)

Question 32

what is the mesentery of the small intestine?

Answer 32

it’s folds of membranous tissue that within it are the arteries and nerves that supply the intestine.

Question 33

where does the superior mesenteric artery arise from? what does is supply?

Answer 33

arises from abdominal aorta

supplies the second part of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, ascending colon and transverse colon

Question 34

what are the jejunal and ileum arcades?

Answer 34

loops of arteries around the jejunum and ileum

Question 35

where does the inferior mesenteric artery arise from? what does it supply?

Answer 35

the abdominal aorta at L3

supplies the descending and sigmoidal colon and part of rectum